Objective To investigate the effects of the interaction between interleukin-9 (IL-9) and environmental and related risk factors on Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection among adolescents, and provide a scientific basis for H.pylori prevention and control.
Methods A total of 526 middle and high school students were selected from 10 schools in Cangzhouby stratified cluster sampling to undergo the 13C-urea breath test.The status of H.pylori infection and its influencing factors were analyzed. An additive model was employed to analyze the interaction between IL-9 and H.pylori infection-related other risk factors.
Results Among the 526 adolescents, 287 were positive for H.pylori antigen, with an infection rate of 54.56% (287/526).The logistic regression analysis showed that living in rural areas, drinking water from wells or rivers, eating raw vegetables, parents being workers or farmers, parents having gastroduodenal diseases and a low serum IL-9 level were independent risk factors for H.pylori infection among adolescents in Cangzhou(P < 0.05). With factors being negative (-/-) as the contrast and the corresponding odds ratio set to 1, the interaction analysis showed that the interaction index (S) values between a low IL-9 condition and living in rural areas, drinking water from wells or rivers, eating raw vegetables, parents being workers or farmers, and parents having gastroduodenal diseases were 1.62, 2.14, 1.92, 2.26 and 2.50, respectively.
Conclusion Living in rural area, drinking water from well water or river water, eating raw vegetables, parents as workers or farmers, parents with gastroduodenal disease and low serum IL-9 level are independent risk factors for H.pylori infection among adolescents in Cangzhou, and there is a synergistic interaction between IL-9 reduction and other risk factors. IL-9 may play a potential positive role in the anti-infection immunity of H.pylori.
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