Objective To analyze the sanitary condition and health risk factors of rural drinking water in Yanqing District, Beijing, China from 2016 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis and technical support for the decision-making by relevant departments.
Methods From 2016 to 2019, field surveys were conducted at 30 monitoring sites in 15 townships in Yanqing District, and rural drinking water samples were collected in dry and wet seasons. The water quality was tested in accordance with the Standard Examination Method for Drinking Water (GB/T 5750-2006) and the sanitation and safety were evaluated according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006). The chi-square test was used to compare the qualification rates among different groups.
Results A total of 480 water samples were collected and examined from 2016 to 2019, with a qualification rate of 61.0% (293/480). There were significant differences in the qualification rates of water samples among different years, different seasons, different types of water samples, different ways of water treatment, and different usages of disinfection equipment (χ2 were 42.36, 14.73, 1.97, 356.54, and 217.32, respectively, P < 0.05). Seven indicators, including iron, volatile phenol, chromium (Ⅵ), fluoride, nitrates, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli, in the water samples exceeded standard limits, among which total coliforms had the highest rate of failing to reach the standard (34.6%), followed by Escherichia coli (5.4%) and nitrates (5.0%), and the other four indicators had unqualified rates less than 5%.
Conclusion The quality of rural drinking water in Yanqing District needs to be improved urgently. It is necessary to pay special attention to the indicators failing to reach the standards, such as total coliforms, Escherichia coli, nitrates, and iron, and attach importance to the potential health risks, thus ensuring the sanitation and safety of rural drinking water.
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