Monitoring Results of Key Occupational Diseases in a District of Beijing (2016—2019)

Objective To investigate the monitoring results of key occupational diseases in a district of Beijing, from 2016 to 2019.

Methods The data of field monitoring and occupational health examination of five key occupational hazard factors (silica dust, coal dust, benzene, lead, and noise) were collected through the occupational hazardous factor reporting system, employers, occupational health examination institutes, and examination organizations. The SPSS statistical software was used for analysis, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of rates.

Results From 2016 to 2019, workers from middle and small private enterprises were the main population exposed to the above five key occupational hazardous factors, involving the industries of manufacturing, automobile repair, and gas station, and the workers exposed to noise accounted for the highest proportion, followed by those exposed to benzene and silica dust. For the workers exposed to silica dust, the abnormal rate of chest radiograph was 3.39% and the excess rate of posts was 4.05%, with a significant change from 2016 to 2019 (χ²=6.40, P=0.036); for the workers exposed to benzene, the workers with neutrophils < 2×10⁹/L accounted for 2.37%, with a significant change from 2016 to 2019 (χ²=14.48, P=0.002), and the post detection did not exceed the national standard; for the workers with noise exposure, the detection rate of binaural average high-frequency hearing threshold ≥ 40 dB was 14.33% and the excess rate of posts was 11.76%, with significant changes from 2016 to 2019 (χ²=734.54, 85.10, both P=0.000). There were no abnormal physical examination results and posts exceeding the standard found for the workers exposed to coal dust and lead. The length of service was mainly 1-3 years for the workers exposed to these five key occupational hazardous factors.

Conclusion Noise is the most important occupational hazardous factor in this district, followed by benzene and silica dust. The automobile repair industry should be the key industry for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Supervision should be strengthened and prevention and control measures should be implemented to reduce the incidence rate and harm of key occupational diseases.