Effect of Hexavalent Chromium Exposure from Drinking Water on Human Hepatic and Renal Function and Peripheral Oxidative Stress

Objectives To analyze the hepatic and renal function and peripheral oxidative stress of residents in a county in western China as a result of long-term exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) in drinking water, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment measures.

Methods Source water samples from five areas were collected for Cr⁶⁺ detection by random sampling. Urinary chromium level, hepatic and renal function and peripheral oxidative stress in exposure and control groups were detected.

Results The average concentration of Cr⁶⁺ in drinking water was 2.82~3.22 times higher than the national standard allowance in exposure areas. Urinary chromium level in exposure group was much higher than that in the control group (P=0.000). The values of serum ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and CRE (creatinine)and β₂-MG(β₂-microglobulin) in exposure group were higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01); the activity of GSH-Px in exposure group was significantly increased (P < 0.01). However, the activity of CAT (catalase) in exposure group was lower than the control group (P < 0.01). The values of MDA (malondialdehyde), GST(glutathione s-transferases) and SOD (superoxide dismutase)between two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05).

Conclusions Long-term exposure to excessive Cr⁶⁺ (2.82 to 3.22 times higher than the standard) in drinking water might cause a mild damage of hepatic and renal function, but it would bring about lipid oxidative stress for residents.