宾馆从业人员对空气中细颗粒物PM2.5知信行调查
Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Hotel Employees on Fine Particulate Matters (PM2.5) in Indoor Air in Xicheng District of Beijing
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摘要:目的 了解宾馆从业人员对PM2.5相关知识、态度、行为现况, 为今后更好开展相关人员的引导教育工作提供依据。方法 采取整群随机抽样方法, 2013年对北京市西城区53家宾馆238名客房卫生服务人员进行PM2.5相关内容的知信行调查。结果 PM2.5对人体各系统的危害知晓率由高到低分别为:呼吸系统, 免疫系统, 心脏系统, 内分泌系统, 神经系统, 遗传系统。PM2.5来源知晓率由高到低分别为:汽车尾气, 工业生产, 燃煤取暖, 吸烟, 木材燃烧, 室外大气污染, 地面床面清扫, 不洁中央空调。清洁地面的方式采用吸尘器/干扫把扫地的41家, 清洁墙面的方式采用掸子/干布的35家, 清扫床面的方式采用干扫把的30家。结论 多数人能够意识到PM2.5对呼吸系统的危害, 其次对免疫系统危害的知晓率亦相对较高, 对心脏系统、内分泌系统、神经系统、遗传系统危害的知晓率较低。半数以上的人能够意识到室内PM2.5污染来源为汽车尾气、工业生产、燃煤取暖、吸烟和木材燃烧, 对室外大气污染、床面地面清扫和不洁的中央空调是室内PM2.5污染来源的知晓率较低。对客房进行卫生清理时, 大部分宾馆未采取湿式作业方式。打扫房间卫生时, 绝大多数人会经常开窗通风, 但不少人存在不关注室外大气环境状况盲目开窗和已发现室外大气环境不好, 仍然开窗或有可能继续开窗的情况。Abstract:Objectives To investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior(KAP) of hotel employees on PM2.5 in indoor air in order to guide a further education in relevant personnel.Methods A KAP investigation was conducted in 53 hotels in Xicheng District of Beijing. A total of 238 hotel employees were enrolled by using a stratified random sampling method.Results The awareness on the harm of PM2.5 for human body systems from high to low were respiratory system, immune system, cardiac system, endocrine system, nervous system and genetic system. The awareness on the sources of PM2.5 in indoor air from high to low were automobile exhausts, industrial production, coal-fired for heating, smoking, burning wood, outdoor air pollution, ground or bed cleaning and unclean central air-conditioning systems.Cleaning floor with vacuum cleaner or dry broom were conducted in 41 hotels; cleaning wall with dry cloth or duster in 35 hotels; cleaning bed with dry broom in 30 hotels.Conclusions Overwhelming majority of employees have realized the harm of PM2.5 on respiratory system. The awareness on the harm of PM2.5 for immune system was relatively high. More than half of employees knew that the sources of PM2.5 in indoor air were automobile exhausts, industrial production, coal-fired for heating, smoking and burning wood.Many people have not realized that the pollution in outdoor air, bed cleaning and unclean central air-conditioning were also the sources of PM2.5 in indoor air. Most of hotel employees did not clean rooms in wet processing and not concern about the outdoor atmospheric environment before opening windows.
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