Abstract: Renal calculus is one of the most common diseases with high incidence in the world. Recently, many studies have found the incidences of the nephrolithiasis tend to be increasing, and it is significant that the patients tend to be younger worldwide. Risk factors such as genetic factor, dietary, environment, abnormal metabolism, are probably associated with RC. As the quality of drinking water is one of the important factors on the formation of kidney stones, this paper reviews the effects of drinking water's hardness, daily intake, as well as soft drink, on the incidence of the nephrolithiasis.