Abstract: Because of regional differences in the improvement of rural safe drinking water and sanitation, the supply has become the focus issue. On the basis of the field research in Qinghai and Yunnan, the problems existed in rural water supply and sanitation were explored by the survey on economic development level, natural environment and the consciousness of participation of farmers in western regions. In order to solve the problems on service supply of rural safe drinking water and sanitation in western region, the construction of infrastructure should coordinate with the New Countryside construction, and to support the plurality of supplying structure; the improvement of democratic consciousness of citizens was also needed.