蓄电池企业铅污染现状调查及尿铅影响因素分析

Status of Lead Pollution in Battery Factories and Influencing Factors for the levels of Urine Lead

摘要:
目的了解蓄电池企业铅污染现状、影响因素及铅对劳动者健康的影响，探讨防治对策。
方法对14家蓄电池企业开展卫生学调查和空气中铅烟尘测定，对作业人员进行职业体检和调查。
结果不同岗位的铅浓度超标率之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。作业人员尿铅超标率为21. 21%，不同工龄人群尿铅超标率随着工龄增加先增加后降低，2年后达最高值。
结论作业人员尿铅超标率较高，提示生产企业应降低工作场所铅烟尘浓度，并加强个体防护，减少铅中毒的发生。

Abstract:
Objectives To understand the situation of lead pollution in battery factories and the impact of lead on the health of workers.
Methods The concentration of lead in the air of 14 battery factories was monitored, and the occupational examination for operating personnel was investigated.
Results The rate of lead concentration exceeded the standard limit was significantly different in varied positions (P < 0. 05). The positive rate for urine lead was 21. 21%. The positive rate of urine lead was increased in the first two years of service and then decreased.
Conclusions The higher positive rate of urine lead in workers suggested that the concentration of lead dusts in the workshops must be reduced, and the personal protection should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of lead poisoning.