石家庄市农村集中式供水家庭储水风险分析

郭占景; 范尉尉; 陈凤格; 白萍; 赵伟

石家庄市农村集中式供水家庭储水风险分析

Analysis on Risk of Household Stored Water from Rural Central Water Supply in Shijiazhuang

摘要

摘要:
目的了解农村家庭储存水卫生状况并分析家庭储水水质的风险因素。
方法采取分层随机抽样方法, 抽取5个县400户家庭, 对家庭储存水现状进行调查, 对出厂水、储存水水质进行比较, 采用Logistic回归分析家庭储存水水质的风险因素。
结果储存后饮用水中的肉眼可见物、菌落总数、总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群合格率明显下降(χ²=4.146、6.388、4.003和4.745, P < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示, 取水器暴露(OR=9.56, 95% CI:3.71~24.58)、储水器不常清洗(OR=4.71, 95% CI:1.83~12.14) 和存水时间长(OR=2.63, 95% CI:1.02~6.78) 是储存水菌落总数超标的危害因素, 而储水器有盖且密封(OR=0.47, 95% CI:0.28~0.78) 和储水器清洁(OR=0.71, 95% CI:0.22~2.22) 是储水菌落总数合格的保护因素。
结论农村家庭储存水容易受到微生物污染, 其中储存水管理不善是造成家庭存水不安全的主要因素。

Abstract:
Objectives To explore the hygienic situation of household stored water and analyze the risk factors influencing its quality.
Methods Stored water samples from 400 households in 5 counties were selected by stratified random sampling methods. The quality of stored water was compared with the finished water from the outlet of rural central water factories, the risk factors for household stored water were analyzed by Logistic regression.
Results The qualified rate for visible subjects, total bacteria counts, counts of coliform and thermotolerant coliform was decreased significantly in stored water (χ²=4.146, 6.388, 4.003 and 4.745, P < 0.05). The Logistic regression showed that the risk factors resulting in unqualified bacteria counts in stored water were the exposure of fetching water utensils (OR=9.56, 95% CI:3.71~24.58), infrequently cleaning the container (OR=4.71, 95% CI:1.83~12.14) and overtime storage (OR=2.63, 95% CI:1.02~6.78); the protective factors were the storage container covered with tight lid (OR=0.47, 95% CI:0.28~0.78) and the cleanness of storage container (OR=0.71, 95% CI:0.22~2.22).
Conclusions Rural household stored water is vulnerable to microbial contamination; inadequate management of stored water was one of the main factors for the unsafe household stored water.

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