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    刘国红, 蓝涛, 徐新云, 黄广文, 李锦, 余淑苑, 慈捷元, 刘桂华, 王玮, 王学博. 深圳市政供水健康风险评价[J]. 环境卫生学杂志, 2014, 4(2): 119-124.
    引用本文: 刘国红, 蓝涛, 徐新云, 黄广文, 李锦, 余淑苑, 慈捷元, 刘桂华, 王玮, 王学博. 深圳市政供水健康风险评价[J]. 环境卫生学杂志, 2014, 4(2): 119-124.
    shu
    Liu Guohong, Lan Tao, Xu Xinyun, Huang Guangwen, Li Jin, Yu Shuyuan, Ci Jieyuan, Liu Guihua, Wang Wei, Wang Xuebo. Assessment on Health Risk of Urban Water Supply in Shenzhen[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2014, 4(2): 119-124.
    Citation: Liu Guohong, Lan Tao, Xu Xinyun, Huang Guangwen, Li Jin, Yu Shuyuan, Ci Jieyuan, Liu Guihua, Wang Wei, Wang Xuebo. Assessment on Health Risk of Urban Water Supply in Shenzhen[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2014, 4(2): 119-124.
    shu

    深圳市政供水健康风险评价

    Assessment on Health Risk of Urban Water Supply in Shenzhen

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 对深圳市2012年市政供水的出厂水和末梢水进行健康风险评价。
      方法 收集、分析全市2012年出厂水和末梢水水质监测数据, 借鉴美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的风险评价模型, 对3种基因毒物质砷、六价铬、镉和12种躯体毒物质铁、锰、挥发酚、氰化物、氟化物、铅、汞、氨氮、硝酸盐、铜、锌、硒进行成人和儿童的健康风险评价。
      结果 150份出厂水样和207份末梢水样检测结果表明, 除1份末梢水样品锰超标和另1份末梢水样品硝酸盐超标外, 其他样品所测项目均符合国家卫生标准《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)。出厂水躯体毒物质对成人和儿童的健康风险(HI)分别为178.04×10-8/年和249.96×10-8/年, 末梢水对成人和儿童的风险分别为363.02×10-8/年和509.66×10-8/年, 其中出厂水中铅的危害最大, 末梢水中氟化物的危害最大。出厂水基因毒物质对成人和儿童的致癌风险(R)分别为25.60×10-6/年和28.51×10-6/年, 末梢水对成人和儿童的R值分别为23.47×10-6/年和26.08×10-6/年, 出厂水和末梢水中均以六价铬危害最大, 排列顺序从高至低为R六价铬 > R砷 > R镉。出厂水3种基因毒物质和12种躯体毒物质对成人和儿童的总健康危害风险分别为27.38×10-6/年和31.00×10-6/年, 末梢水基因毒和躯体毒物质对成人和儿童的总健康危害风险分别为27.10×10-6/年和31.17×10-6/年, 基因毒物质的健康危害是最主要的, 儿童的健康风险高于成人。
      结论 深圳市市政供水15种化学物的个人年健康风险水平在国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)的最大可接受风险水平(5.0×10-5/年)范围内。同时提示致癌物的风险远大于非致癌物, 致癌物中以六价铬风险最大, 非致癌物中以铅和氟化物风险最大, 儿童的风险高于成人。

       

      Abstract:
      Objectives To perform an assessment on the health risk of drinking water in 2012 in Shenzhen.
      Methods The monitoring data on the quality of finished water from the outlet of water factories and peripheral tap water collected in 2012 were analyzed, and the health risk on three kinds of genetic toxic substances (hexavalent chromium, cadmium, and arsenic) and twelve non-carcinogenic substances (iron, manganese, lead, fluoride, volatile phenol, cyanide, mercury, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, copper, zinc and selenium) for adults and children was assessed by risk evaluation models recommended by the U.S. environmental protection agency (US EPA).
      Results The quality of all indicators measured in 150 finished water samples and 207 tap water samples were in the limits of the National Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006) except for manganese in a tap water sample and nitrate in another tap water sample. The health risk (HI) on 12 non-carcinogenic materials for adults and children were 178.04×10-8/y and 249.96×10-8/y in finished water samples, and 363.02×10-8/y and 509.66×10-8/y in tap water samples, respectively. The harm of lead in finished water and fluoride in tap water was the most serious in all measured indicators. The cancer risks (R) of 3 genetic toxic substances for adults and children were 25.60×10-6/y and 28.51×10-6/y in finished water samples, and 23.47×10-6/y and 26.08×10-6/y in tap water samples, respectively. The damage of hexavalent chromium was the most among three detected carcinogenic materials. The total health hazard risks, including 3 carcinogenic and 12 non-carcinogenic substances for adults and children were 27.38×10-6/y and 31.00×10-6/y in finished water samples and 27.10×10-6/y and 31.17×10-6/y in tap water samples, respectively. Genetic toxic substances in drinking water are the main health risk for children than for adults.
      Conclusions The health risk (R) of these 15 chemicals in municipal water supply in Shenzhen was in the range of acceptable levels (5.0×10-5/y) recommended by the International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP). The results indicated that the risk of carcinogenic substances was greater in comparing with the non-carcinogenic substances, and the carcinogenic risk of hexavalent chromium was the biggest; lead and fluoride was the most important non-carcinogenic risk substances; and the risk for children was more than for adults.

       

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