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    2024年内蒙古自治区典型地区大气PM2.5中金属元素组分污染特征及来源解析

    Component pollution characteristics and source apportionment of metals in atmospheric PM2.5 in typical areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2024

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 通过监测2024年内蒙古自治区典型地区大气PM2.5中金属和类金属元素(以下统称为金属)浓度分布特征, 分析其污染来源。
      方法 收集2024年内蒙古自治区典型地区呼和浩特市、包头市、鄂尔多斯市PM2.5浓度及其金属、类金属浓度, 利用正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)分析其污染来源。
      结果 2024年内蒙古自治区典型地区呼和浩特市(34.3 μg/m3)外, 包头市(43.0 μg/m3)、鄂尔多斯市(72.3 μg/m3)PM2.5日均浓度值均未超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)日均浓度二级标准限值。三市PM2.5金属、类金属元素含量较高的均为Al、Mn。源解析结果显示呼和浩特市主要污染源为交通/工业生产混合污染源和工业生产源, 其中Cr、Pb、Ni贡献较大, 占比分别为95.93%、71.23%及68.18%;包头市主要污染源为扬尘/工业混合污染源、燃煤/机动车混合污染源, 其中Ni、Se、Tl贡献较大, 占比分别为87.57%、85.61%及78.58%;鄂尔多斯市主要污染源为扬尘/工业混合污染源、工业生产源, 其中Al、Mn、Ni贡献较大占比分别为87.17%、85.98%及81.20%。
      结论 本研究表明, 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市、包头市、鄂尔多斯市存在一定的大气PM2.5污染问题, 且各市核心污染来源各不相同。本研究结果可作为内蒙古自治区典型地区开展差异化、针对性大气污染源管控工作的科学参考, 为区域大气污染精准治理提供有力支撑。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the concentration distribution characteristics of metals and metalloids (the following were all referred to as metals) in atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in typical areas of Inner Mongolia, China, in 2024, to analyze their pollution sources.
      Methods PM2.5 concentrations and their associated metal and metalloid concentrations were collected from the typical areas of Inner Mongolia—Hohhot, Baotou, and Ordos—in 2024. The positive matrix factorization method was employed to analyze pollution sources.
      Results The 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations in Hohhot(34.3 μg/m3), Baotou(43.0 μg/m3) and Ordos(72.3 μg/m3) areas didn't exceeded the Grade Ⅱ standard limit of the Ambient air quality standards(GB 3095-2012) in 2024. The most abundant PM2.5-bound metal and metalloid elements in all three typical areas were Al and Mn. Source apportionment results showed that the main pollution sources in Hohhot were traffic/industrial mixed sources and industrial sources, with relatively large contributions from Cr, Pb, and Ni with contribution rates of 95.93%, 71.23%, and 68.18%, respectively. In Baotou, the main pollution sources were dust/industrial mixed sources and coal combustion/vehicle mixed sources, with relatively large contributions from Ni, Se, and Tl with contribution rates of 87.57%, 85.61%, and 78.58%, respectively. In Ordos, the main pollution sources were dust/industrial mixed sources and industrial sources, with relatively large contributions from Al, Mn, and Ni with contribution rates of 87.17%, 85.98%, and 81.20%, respectively.
      Conclusion This study indicates that certain atmospheric PM2.5 pollution problems exist in Hohhot, Baotou, and Ordos in Inner Mongolia, with distinct core pollution sources in each city. The findings of this study can serve as a scientific reference for differentiated and targeted air pollution source control efforts in typical areas of Inner Mongolia, providing strong support for precise regional air pollution control.

       

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