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    2021—2023年山东省菏泽市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子污染分布特征及季节变化趋势

    Distribution characteristics and seasonal changes of water-soluble ion pollutants in atmospheric PM2.5 in Heze, Shandong Province, China, 2021—2023

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 探讨山东省菏泽市2021—2023年PM2.5中水溶性离子污染分布特征及季节变化趋势, 为城市环境治理提供参考。
      方法 2021—2023年每月10—16日分别在菏泽市中心城区和郊区两个监测点采集大气PM2.5滤膜样品, 采用重量法测定PM2.5质量浓度, 采用离子色谱法测定PM2.5中5种水溶性离子(F-、Cl-、NH4+、NO3-、SO42-)的质量浓度; 计算大气PM2.5中特征离子NO3-/SO42-、硫氧化率(SOR)和氮氧化率(NOR); 不同年份、不同季节、不同地区水溶性离子和特征离子的比较采用秩和检验。
      结果 采样期间PM2.5质量浓度的M(P25, P75)为56(36, 89)μg/m3, F-、Cl-、NH4+、NO3-、SO42-的M(P25, P75)分别为0.21(0.16, 0.28)、2.22(0.89, 3.72)、5.39(2.94, 9.07)、12.76(6.40, 27.10)、10.08(7.28, 14.37)μg/m3。菏泽市两区NO3-/SO42-、SOR和NOR的M(P25, P75)分别为1.18(0.73, 2.09)、0.53(0.40, 0.67)、0.35(0.24, 0.47)。5种水溶离子质量浓度均存在季节差异(χ2为14.81~121.60, P < 0.05)和年度差异(χ2为16.89~61.38, P < 0.05), 地区差异无统计学意义(Z为-1.23~0.77, P>0.05)。
      结论 2021—2023年菏泽市PM2.5中5种水溶性离子随季节变化呈现不同的变化趋势, F-春夏污染水平较高, 而其余4种离子则冬季污染水平最高, 移动污染源是主要污染源, NO3-、SO42-主要来源于二次污染。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and seasonal changes of water-soluble ion pollutants in PM2.5 in Heze, Shandong Province, from 2021 to 2023, and provide a reference for urban environmental governance.
      Methods Atmospheric PM2.5 filter samples were collected at two monitoring sites in the central urban and suburban areas of Heze from the 10th to the 16th of each month from 2021 to 2023. The mass concentration of PM2.5 was determined by the gravimetric method, and the mass concentrations of five water-soluble ions (F-, Cl-, NH4+, NO3-, and SO42-) in atmospheric PM2.5 were determined by ion chromatography. The characteristic ion ratio NO3-/SO42-, sulfur oxidation ratio, and nitrogen oxidation ratio in atmospheric PM2.5 were calculated. Comparisons of water-soluble ions and characteristic ion ratio in different years, seasons, and regions were carried out using the rank sum test.
      Results During the sampling period, the median (P25, P75) mass concentration of PM2.5 was 56 (36, 89) μg/m3. The medians (P25, P75) of the mass concentrations of F-, Cl-, NH4+, NO3-, and SO42- were 0.21 (0.16, 0.28), 2.22 (0.89, 3.72), 5.39 (2.94, 9.07), 12.76 (6.40, 27.10), and 10.08 (7.28, 14.37) μg/m3, respectively. For the two areas in Heze, the medians (P25, P75) of NO3-/SO42-, sulfur oxidation ratio, and nitrogen oxidation ratio were 1.18 (0.73, 2.09), 0.53 (0.40, 0.67), and 0.35 (0.24, 0.47), respectively. The mass concentrations of the five water-soluble ions exhibited seasonal variations (χ2=14.81-121.60, P < 0.05) and annual variations (χ2=16.89-61.38, P < 0.05), with no statistically significant regional differences (Z=-1.23-0.77, P>0.05).
      Conclusion From 2021 to 2023, the five water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Heze showed different seasonal variations. F- showed relatively high pollution levels in spring and summer, while the other four ions showed the highest pollution levels in winter. Mobile pollution sources were the primary contributors, and NO3- and SO42- mainly originated from secondary formation.

       

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