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    2007—2025年上海市杨浦区饮用水水质变化趋势分析

    Trend analysis of drinking water quality in Yangpu district, Shanghai, China, 2007—2025

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 分析2007—2025年上海市杨浦区饮用水水质变化趋势, 为区域饮水安全提供数据支持与决策依据。
      方法 依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006和GB 5749-2022), 对2007—2025年收集的上海市杨浦区2 784份水质监测数据进行评价, 采用Joinpoint回归模型和Spearman秩相关分析模型进行趋势变化分析。
      结果 2007—2025年上海市杨浦区水质总体达标率为85.63%。末梢水达标率显著高于二次供水(χ2=14.19, P < 0.001), 枯水期达标率低于平水期和丰水期(χ2=8.48, P=0.014)。2007—2025年水质达标率呈上升趋势AAPC(95%CI)=4.53%(4.14%, 6.12%), P < 0.001, 2012年和2020年为关键变化点: 2007—2012年增速显著APC(95%CI)=14.86%(11.71%, 24.47%), P < 0.001, 2012—2020年增速放缓APC(95%CI)=1.33%(1.17%, 2.49%, P < 0.001, 2020—2025年变化无统计学意义APC(95%CI)=0.002 4%(-0.06%, 0.07%), P=0.850。感官性状和一般化学指标达标率较低(87.36%), 浑浊度、耗氧量(高锰酸盐指数)、氨(氨氮)等8项指标为主要不达标指标, 氟化物、硝酸盐等9项指标含量均呈显著下降趋势(rs为-0.80~-0.37, P < 0.01)。新国标实施后三氯甲烷、溶解性总固体和耗氧量含量均有明显下降(Z为-14.28~-2.76, P < 0.001)。
      结论 杨浦区饮用水水质在2007—2020年期间得到显著提升, 于2020年及以后水质均达到国家标准要求。但仍需关注二次供水和枯水期的水质管理及新国标实施后水质的长期监测。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To analyze the trends in drinking water quality in Yangpu district, Shanghai, from 2007 to 2025, and provide data support and a decision-making basis for regional drinking water safety.
      Methods A total of 2 784 water quality monitoring records collected from 2007 to 2025 in Yangpu district, Shanghai were evaluated according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006 and GB 5749-2022). Joinpoint regression and Spearman correlation analysis were applied for trend analysis.
      Results From 2007 to 2025, the overall qualified rate of drinking water in Yangpu district, Shanghai, was 85.63%. The qualified rate of tap water was significantly higher than that of secondary water supply (χ2=14.19, P < 0.001). The qualified rate during the dry season was lower than those during the normal season and wet season (χ2=8.48, P=0.014). From 2007 to 2025, the water quality qualified rate showed an upward trend, with an average annual percent change of 4.53% (95% confidence interval CI=4.14%-6.12%, P < 0.001). Two joinpoints were identified in 2012 and 2020. A significant increase was observed from 2007 to 2012, with an annual percent change of 14.86% (95%CI=11.71%-24.47%, P < 0.001). The growth rate slowed from 2012 to 2020, with an annual percent change of 1.33% (95%CI=1.17%-2.49%, P < 0.001). No significant change was noted from 2020 to 2025, with an annual percent change of 0.002 4% (95%CI=-0.06% to 0.07%, P=0.850). A low qualified rate was observed for sensory properties and general chemical indicators (87.36%), with eight indicators, including turbidity, oxygen consumption (permanganate index), and ammonia (ammonia nitrogen), being the main non-qualified parameters. The concentrations of nine indicators, including fluoride and nitrate, all showed significant downward trends (rs=-0.80~-0.37, P < 0.01). After the implementation of the new national standards, the levels of trichloromethane, total dissolved solids, and oxygen consumption showed significant decreases (Z=-14.28~-2.76, P < 0.001).
      Conclusion The drinking water quality in Yangpu district improved significantly from 2007 to 2020 and met the national standards in and after 2020. However, attention should still be given to the management of water quality for secondary water supply and during dry seasons, as well as the long-term monitoring of water quality following the implementation of the new national standards.

       

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