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    2024年中国西北地区某市饮用水消毒副产物污染状况及健康风险评估

    Contamination status and health risk assessment of disinfection by-products in drinking water of a city in northwest China, 2024

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 了解中国西北地区某市饮用水中消毒副产物(disinfection by-products, DBPs)的污染状况, 并进行健康风险评估。
      方法 2024年在西北地区某市的7区1县开展辖区内饮用水水质检测工作, 涵盖该市全部市政供水、农村饮水安全工程。于枯水期、丰水期各采集一次, 共采集出厂水26份, 末梢水115份, 二次供水30份。按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法第10部分: 消毒副产物指标》(GB/T 5750.10-2023)检测水样中的6种DBPs, 包括三氯甲烷(trichloromethane, TCM)、二氯一溴甲烷(bromodichloromethane, BDCM)、一氯二溴甲烷(dibromochloromethane, DBCM)、三溴甲烷(tribromomethane, TBM)、二氯乙酸(dichloroacetic acid, DCAA)、三氯乙酸(trichloroacetic acid, TCAA), 检测结果按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)进行判定。采用美国环境保护局推荐的健康风险评估模型进行DBPs的致癌风险评估和非致癌风险评估。
      结果 水样中TCM的达标率为98.25%, 其余5种DBPs的达标率均为100%。三卤甲烷类(trihalomethanes, THMs)DBPs的总达标率为97.66%。成人DBPs的致癌风险R为3.3×10-7~8.00×10-6 , 儿童DBPs的R为2.7×10-7~6.73×10-6。成人和儿童群体中, 末梢水和二次供水TCM、TBM的致癌风险处于可接受范围, BDCM、DBCM、DCAA、TCAA位于管控关注区间。6种DBPs的非致癌风险HI均 < 1, 预期将不会造成显著损害。
      结论 西北地区某市饮用水中DBPs的非致癌健康风险尚处于可接受水平, 需加强对BDCM、DBCM、DCAA、TCAA的监测与管控, 优化供水消毒工艺, 以保障饮用水安全, 提高居民的健康水平。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the contamination status of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water in a city in northwest China, and to conduct a health risk assessment.
      Methods In 2024, drinking water quality monitoring was carried out in 7 districts and 1 county of a city in northwest China, covering all municipal water supply systems and rural drinking water safety projects in the region. Water samples were collected once during the dry season and once during the wet season, with a total of 26 finished water samples, 115 terminal water samples, and 30 secondary water samples obtained. According to the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water—Part 10: Disinfection By-products Indices (GB/T 5750.10-2023), six DBPs were determined in water samples, including trichloromethane (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), tribromomethane (TBM), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). The detection results were evaluated for compliance with the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2022). The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments of DBPs.
      Results In water samples, the qualified rate of TCM was 98.25%, while the qualified rates of the remaining five DBPs all reached 100%. The total qualified rate of trihalomethanes DBPs was 97.66%. The carcinogenic risk (R) of DBPs in adults ranged from 3.3×10-7 to 8.00×10-6, and the R value of DBPs in children ranged from 2.7×10-7 to 6.73×10-6. In both adult and child populations, the carcinogenic risks of TCM and TBM in terminal water and secondary water were within an acceptable range, while BDCM, DBCM, DCAA, and TCAA fell within the control concern interval. The non-carcinogenic risk index (hazard index) values of all six DBPs were less than 1, indicating that no significant adverse health effects were expected.
      Conclusion The non-carcinogenic health risks of DBPs in drinking water in a city in northwest China are still at an acceptable level. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of BDCM, DBCM, DCAA, and TCAA, and optimize the water supply disinfection process to ensure drinking water safety and improve residents' health.

       

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