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    拉萨市藏族中小学生血压偏高现状及其影响因素分析

    Prevalence and influencing factors of elevated blood pressure among Tibetan primary and secondary school students in Lhasa, China

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 分析高海拔地区中小学生血压偏高的影响因素，为制定其血压偏高干预措施提供依据。
      方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法，于2023年9月选取拉萨市2 515名藏族中小学生进行血压检查和问卷调查，采用多因素Logistic回归分析中小学生血压偏高的影响因素。
      结果 拉萨市藏族中小学生血压偏高检出率为17.0%，其中小学生为15.0%，初中生为17.3%，高中生为29.0%。15~17岁年龄组、城区、高中、超重与肥胖、海拔高度≤3 650 m、有过吸烟行为的学生血压偏高检出率较高(P值均＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，学段、BMI、吸烟行为、海拔高度均是中小学生血压偏高的相关因素，血压偏高风险高中生高于小学生(OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.18~2.25)，吸烟学生高于不吸烟学生(OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.02~1.81)，BMI超重/肥胖组高于正常组(OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.24~2.32)(P值均＜0.05)。调整居住地、学段、年龄和BMI等混杂因素，分析结果显示，与海拔>3 650 m组相比，海拔≤3 650 m的学生血压偏高率较高(OR=3.11, 95%CI: 2.35~4.11)。
      结论 对于拉萨市藏族中小学生血压偏高的现状，应采取控制超重和肥胖率、吸烟行为等相应措施降低藏族中小学生血压偏高风险。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To analyze the factors associated with elevated blood pressure and provide a basis for interventions targeting elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents in high-altitude areas.
      Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 515 Tibetan primary and secondary school students in Lhasa, China in September 2023 for blood pressure measurement and questionnaire survey. Factors associated with elevated blood pressure were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.
      Results The overall prevalence of elevated blood pressure among Tibetan primary and secondary school students in Lhasa was 17.0%, including 15.0% among primary school students, 17.3% among junior high school students, and 29.0% among senior high school students. Each of the following factors was associated with a higher risk of elevated blood pressure: age 15-17 years, urban residence, attendance at senior high school, overweight or obesity, residence at an altitude of ≤3 650 meters, and a history of smoking (all P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that school level, body mass index (BMI), smoking behavior, and altitude were associated with elevated blood pressure. The risk of elevated blood pressure was higher among senior high school students than primary school students (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.18-2.25), among smoking students than non-smoking students (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.02-1.81), and among overweight/obese students than those with normal BMI (OR =1.70, 95%CI: 1.24-2.32) (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for residence, school level, age, and BMI, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that compared with students living at altitudes above 3 650 meters, those living at 3 650 and below meters had a higher risk of elevated blood pressure (OR =3.11, 95%CI: 2.35-4.11).
      Conclusion Given the current situation of elevated blood pressure among Tibetan primary and secondary school students in Lhasa, appropriate measures should be taken to reduce their risk of elevated blood pressure.

       

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