Abstract:
Objective To assess the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and population exposure risks of compound heatwave and ozone pollution events (CHOEs) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), China, from 2000 to 2023.
Methods Based on high-resolution data (1 km×1 km), CHOEs were defined as the co-occurrence of heatwave and ozone pollution events. The frequency, duration, and intensity of the events were quantified to capture spatiotemporal patterns. Population exposure was calculated using high-resolution population data, and the contributions to changes in population exposure were decomposed into event factor, population factor, and their interaction factor.
Results During the study period, CHOEs exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity and a significant upward trend by year across the GBA, with Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Dongguan identified as high-impact areas. An accelerated increase in CHOEs was observed after 2016, with particularly substantial increases in 2019, 2021, and 2022. Most events occurred between July and September, though peak periods varied by location. Both the population factor and CHOEs contributed to the increase in population exposure, with factor contributions varying across regions.
Conclusion CHOEs in the GBA are becoming more frequent and intense, accompanied by a rapid rise in population exposure. The changes in exposure across regions are jointly driven by the event factor and population factor, with significant regional differences. Therefore, it is urgent to develop region-specific response strategies and public health interventions.
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