Abstract: Sea fog, as a natural phenomenon, is often accompanied by a sharp decline in visibility, posing significant threats to human activities and property safety. Sea fog not only impacts maritime traffic safety, but may also alter the concentration distribution of atmospheric pollutants, thereby affecting human health. Coastal residents (e.g., in port cities and industrial coastal zones), maritime workers (such as fishermen and shipping industry personnel), and nearshore commuters constitute vulnerable populations to health risks due to prolonged or frequent exposure to sea fog environments. This paper reviews the influence of sea fog on atmospheric pollutant concentrations and associated potential health risks, with a particular focus on the potential hazards to the respiratory, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Additionally, we provide a summary of the current progress and limitations in the field of sea fog-related health research.