Objective To investigate the basic status of hygiene quality at different types of public places in Sichuan province, China, and to analyze the main health hazards.

Methods A total of 992 public places were randomly selected from Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, and Ya'an in Sichuan province from 2021 to 2024, including waiting rooms, gyms, barber shops, beauty shops, bathing places, hotels, shopping malls/supermarkets, and swimming pools. Indoor air, public articles, and water environments were monitored for possible health hazards. The monitoring data were analyzed.

Results From 2021 to 2024, a total of 84 601 monitoring instances were monitored, with an overall qualified rate of 92.71%. The qualified rates showed an increasing trend in different years (χ_trend²=80.47, P < 0.05). The overall qualified rates of waiting rooms, gyms, hotels, barber shops, beauty shops, bathing places, shopping malls/supermarkets, and swimming pools were 94.96% (3 092/3 256), 93.35% (3 524/3 775), 94.12% (40 435/42 958), 91.80% (7 614/8 294), 94.53% (5 011/5 301), 89.24% (4 883/5 472), 91.57% (11 112/12 135), and 80.94% (2 760/3 410), respectively, which were significantly different (χ²=1 010.24, P < 0.05). The overall qualified rates of monitoring indicators associated with indoor air, public articles, and water environments were 89.58% (30 726/34 300), 96.23% (44 672/46 423), and 78.21% (3 033/3 878), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=2552.66, P < 0.05).The main single index with a lower qualified rate was noise, with the qualified rate less than 50% in gyms (46.96%), barber shops (40.00%), and shopping malls/supermarkets (34.88%).Among the monitoring indicators of indoor air and public articles, the qualified rates of noise, PM_2.5 and pH value of towels were relatively low, which were 53.91%, 66.00% and 80.67%, respectively, while the qualified rates of other monitoring indicators were higher than 90.00%. The qualified rates of oxidation-reduction potential, disinfectant residual level and Legionella pneumophila in water environment monitoring indicators were relatively low, which were 37.09%, 56.86% and 68.66%, respectively, while the qualified rates of other monitoring indicators were higher than 85.00%.

Conclusion From 2021 to 2024, the hygiene status of public places in Sichuan province was generally favorable, with an increasing trend in the overall qualified rate. Noise and PM_2.5 in indoor air, the pH of public articles, and the disinfectant residual level, oxidation-reduction potential, and Legionella pneumophila in water environments should be paid more attention in the future.