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    铜仁市游泳馆不同类型水中三卤甲烷分布特征与环境因子的相关性研究

    Distribution characteristics of trihalomethanes in different types of water from swimming pools in Tongren city, China, and their correlation with environmental factors

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 为了解铜仁市游泳馆不同类型水样中三卤甲烷(trihalomethanes, THMs)的分布特征及各环境因子与THMs的相关性。
      方法 收集2024年铜仁市游泳旺季28家游泳馆174份水样进行THMs监测，吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱仪上机测定，采用Spearman秩相关对泳池水中THMs与各环境因子进行相关性分析。
      结果 2024年铜仁市游泳馆不同类型水样均可检出THMs，检出率为100%，其中三氯甲烷(trichloromethane, TCM)在THMs中占比最大，TCM在自来水、浸脚池水、男浴室、女浴室、深水区和浅水区中占比分别为78.2%、75.3%、76.1%、75.8%、43.8%和44.9%。环境因子中水温、pH、余氯(free chlorine residual, FCR)三项合格率均低于40%，相对湿度合格率较高为93.2%。泳池水中FCR与THMs(rs=0.48, P＜0.01)、TCM(rs=0.53, P＜0.01)呈显著正相关关系，pH与THMs(rs=0.50, P＜0.01)、TCM(rs=0.38, P＜0.05)呈显著负相关关系。
      结论 铜仁市游泳馆不同类型水样中THMs检出率较高，TCM为主要检出物质，是消毒副产物风险管理重点指标，环境因子FCR正向调控THMs的生成，pH则相反，可通过优化消毒工艺与水质监测体系降低喀斯特地区泳池水中THMs暴露风险。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To determine the distribution characteristics of trihalomethanes (THMs) in different water samples from swimming pools in Tongren city, China and to analyze the correlation between environmental factors and THMs.
      Methods A total of 174 water samples were collected from 28 swimming pools in Tongren city during the peak swimming season in 2024 for THM monitoring. The samples were analyzed using purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between THMs and environmental factors.
      Results THMs were detected in all water samples (detection rate: 100%), with trichloromethane (TCM) being the predominant component. The proportions of TCM in tap water, footbath pools, male showers, female showers, deep-water areas, and shallow-water areas were 78.2%, 75.3%, 76.1%, 75.8%, 43.8%, and 44.9%, respectively. The qualified rates of environmental factors were below 40% for water temperature, pH, and free chlorine residual (FCR), while relative humidity exhibited a higher qualified rate (93.2%). Significant positive correlations were observed between FCR and THMs (rs=0.48, P < 0.01) and between FCR and TCM (rs=0.53, P < 0.01), whereas pH showed significant negative correlations with THMs (rs=0.50, P < 0.01) and TCM (rs=0.38, P < 0.05).
      Conclusion The detection rate of THMs in different water samples from swimming pools in Tongren city is relatively high, with TCM being the main detected substance, which is a key indicator for the risk management of disinfection by-products. The environmental factor FCR positively regulates the generation of THMs, while pH has the opposite effect. The exposure risk of THMs in the swimming pool water in karst areas can be reduced by optimizing disinfection processes and water quality monitoring systems.

       

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