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    大气细颗粒物吸入对未成年SD大鼠血生化的影响

    Impact of inhalation exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter on blood biochemical indicators in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 本研究旨在探讨大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter，PM2.5)短期暴露对幼年大鼠血生化指标的影响，分析暴露浓度和时长对生理变化的影响。
      方法 采用21天龄未成年SD大鼠，分别暴露于洁净空气组(对照组，0 μg/m3)、PM2.5暴露1组(39.5 μg/m3)和PM2.5暴露2组(133.0 μg/m3)中。于暴露后第1、4、7、14天采血，采用血生化仪测定血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、胆固醇载体蛋白B(APOB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白蛋白(ALB)、葡萄糖(GLU)9项生化指标，混合效应模型评估PM2.5暴露对各指标滞后效应的影响。
      结果 对照组中，LDLC、HDLC、APOB、ALP、DBIL随年龄增长呈显著下降趋势(P < 0.01)，而CHE呈显著上升趋势(P < 0.05)，GLU先升后降，波动显著(P < 0.05)。暴露组中，暴露2组对血生化指标的扰动幅度大于暴露1组。暴露后第1天，暴露2组DBIL浓度显著低于对照组；第4天和第7天，暴露2组ALP浓度显著高于暴露1组。暴露后第14天，暴露2组LDLC和GLU显著高于对照组。混合效应模型分析显示，滞后0~1天PM2.5和PM1每升高10 μg/m3，LDLC分别升高1.82%(95%CI：0.89%~2.77%)和2.85%(95%CI：0.20%~5.50%)；滞后0~4天，PM2.5和PM1每升高10 μg/m3，ALB分别升高0.60%(95%CI：0.28%~0.92%)和2.1%(95%CI：0.49%~3.71%)，而ALP仅与PM1升高有关联，为2.56%(95%CI：0.19%~4.94%)；滞后0~7天，PM1引起ALP升高幅度为2.80%(95%CI：0.48%~5.12%)。
      结论 未成年大鼠的血生化指标(DBIL、LDLC、ALB、ALP)随PM2.5暴露的时间和浓度的变化而有所波动，提示PM2.5短期暴露对未成年大鼠血脂、肝功能可能具有潜在影响。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the effects of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter(PM2.5) on blood biochemical parameters in juvenile rats, and to analyze the physiological changes with the concentration and duration of exposure.
      Methods Juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 days were exposed to clean air with PM2.5 at 0 μg/m3 (control group), PM2.5 at 39.5 μg/m3 (exposure-1 group), or PM2.5 at 133.0 μg/m3 (exposure-2 group). Blood samples were collected on days 1, 4, 7, and 14 post-exposure. Nine biochemical parameters were measured using a blood biochemical analyzer: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), apolipoprotein B (APOB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DBIL), cholinesterase (CHE), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), and glucose (GLU). A mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the lag effects of PM2.5 exposure on each parameter.
      Results In the control group, LDLC, HDLC, APOB, ALP, and DBIL showed significant decreasing trends with age (P < 0.01); CHE showed a significant increasing trend (P < 0.05); GLU initially increased and then decreased, with significant fluctuations (P < 0.05). The amplitudes of disturbance in blood biochemical parameters were greater in the exposure-2 group than in the exposure-1 group. On the 1st day post-exposure, the DBIL concentration in the exposure-2 group was significantly lower than that in the control group. On the 4th and 7th days, ALP concentrations were significantly higher in the exposure-2 group than in the exposure-1 group. On the 14th day, the exposure-2 group showed significantly higher LDLC and GLU levels than the control group. The mixed-effects model showed that for every 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM1 with a lag of 0-1 days, LDLC increased by 1.82% (95% confidence interval CI: 0.89%-2.77%) and 2.85% (95%CI: 0.20%-5.50%), respectively; for every 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM1 with a lag of 0-4 days, ALB increased by 0.60% (95%CI: 0.28%-0.92%) and 2.10% (95%CI: 0.49%-3.71%), respectively, and ALP increased with only PM1 by 2.56% (95%CI: 0.19%-4.94%); at a lag of 0-7 days, the increase in ALP caused by PM1 was 2.80% (95%CI: 0.48%-5.12%).
      Conclusion Blood biochemical parameters (DBIL, LDLC, ALB, and ALP) fluctuate with changes in the duration and concentration of PM2.5 exposure in juvenile rats, suggesting that short-term exposure to PM2.5 may have potential hazards to blood lipids and liver function.

       

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