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    2016—2022年天津市大气PM2.5成分浓度及健康风险变化趋势

    Trends in air PM2.5 component concentrations and health risks in Tianjin, China, 2016—2022

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 评估2016—2022年天津市大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter, PM2.5)成分中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)和(类)金属元素的含量及健康风险水平变化趋势。
      方法 2016—2022年在天津市不同区设PM2.5采样点, 每月采集7日, 检测滤膜中16种PAHs及12种(类)金属元素的含量, 包括萘、苊烯、芴、苊、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、屈、苯并a蒽、苯并b荧蒽、苯并k荧蒽、苯并a芘、二苯并a, h蒽、苯并g, h, i苝、茚并1, 2, 3-cd芘及锑、铝、砷、铍、镉、铬、汞、铅、锰、镍、硒、铊。并参照《大气污染人群健康风险评估技术规范》和美国环境保护局(US EPA)风险评估方法对部分PAHs和(类)金属元素进行成人健康风险评估。
      结果 从2016年开始, 所有16种PAHs浓度随时间下降(P < 0.05), 12种(类)金属元素中, 锑、铝、砷、镉、铅、锰、硒、铊、汞浓度随时间下降(P < 0.05), 铍上升(P < 0.05), 铬和镍无明显变化(P>0.05)。浓度取中位数时, 2022年总PAHs的超额致癌风险(excess carcinogenic risk, ECR)为1.13×10-6, 砷和铬的ECR分别为1.81×10-5、5.17×10-6, PAHs和(类)金属元素的危害商(hazard quotient, HQ)均 < 1;当浓度取第95百分位数时, 苯并a芘和PAHs的HQ为1.47、6.47, ECR为2.92×10-6、1.28×10-5, 锰的HQ为1.10, 铬、砷、镉、镍的ECR分别为1.50×10-4、5.15×10-5、3.49×10-6和3.33×10-6。
      结论 天津市大气PM2.5中的大部分PAHs和(类)金属元素浓度和健康风险呈现下降趋势, 部分成分包括PAHs、铬和砷致癌健康风险呈现明显下降趋势。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To assess the changing trends in the content and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals/metalloids in atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Tianjin, China from 2016 to 2022.
      Methods From 2016 to 2022, PM2.5 sampling was conducted for 7 days per month at sampling points set in different districts of Tianjin. The filter membranes were examined for the concentrations of 16 PAHs and 12 metals/metalloids, including naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzoaanthracene, benzobfluoranthene, benzokfluoranthene, benzoapyrene, dibenzoa, hanthracene, benzog, h, iperylene, indeno1, 2, 3-cdpyrene, and antimony, aluminum, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, manganese, nickel, selenium, and thallium. The adult health risks of some PAHs and metals/metalloids were assessed according to the Technical Specifications for Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) risk assessment method.
      Results Over time since 2016, the concentrations of the 16 PAHs all decreased (all P < 0.05); the concentrations of antimony, aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese, selenium, thallium, and mercury decreased (all P < 0.05); the concentration of beryllium increased (P < 0.05); and chromium and nickel had no significant changes (both P>0.05). In 2022, at the median concentration, the excess carcinogenic risks (ECRs) for total PAHs, arsenic, and chromium were 1.13×10-6, 1.81×10-5, and 5.17×10-6, respectively, and the hazard quotients (HQs) of PAHs and metals/metalloids were < 1. When the concentration was at the 95th percentile, the HQs of benzoapyrene and PAHs were 1.47 and 6.47, respectively, and the ECRs were 2.92×10-6 and 1.28×10-5, respectively; and the HQ of manganese was 1.10, and the ECRs of chromium, arsenic, cadmium, and nickel were 1.50×10-4, 5.15×10-5, 3.49×10-6, and 3.33×10-6, respectively.
      Conclusion There are downward trends in the concentrations and health risks of most PAHs and metals/metalloids in atmospheric PM2.5 in Tianjin, with significant decreasing trends in the carcinogenic risks of some components including PAHs, chromium, and arsenic.

       

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