2022—2023年海南省公共场所公共用品用具微生物污染状况

    Microbial contamination status of public articles in public places in Hainan Province, 2022—2023

    • 摘要:
      目的 分析2022—2023年海南省公共场所公共用品用具微生物污染状况,并提出相应的改进措施。
      方法 依据《公共场所卫生检验方法》(GB/T 18204.4-2013,GB/T 18204.6-2013)对海南省6类公共场所公共用品用具进行采样与检测,并按照《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》(GB 37488-2019)进行结果评价。
      结果 2022—2023年共采集检测样本5 666份,总体达标率为92.2%。其中2022年的总体达标率(95.7%)明显高于2023年(90.5%),不同年份总达标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=46.34,P < 0.05)。不同类型场所样本总达标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=43.26,P < 0.05),其中候车室总达标率最高为94.4%,健身房总达标率最低为79.0%。不同类别公共用品用具总达标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=70.76,P < 0.05),其中健身器械总达标率最低为79.0%,其次是美容工具和收银台,总达标率分别为83.0%和89.6%。监测的各类公共用品用具均检出细菌总数超标,其中2022年健身房健身器械和候车室自动扶梯的细菌总数达标率相对较低,分别为78.8%和81.8%;2023年美容店美容工具和健身房健身器械的细菌总数达标率相对较低,分别为78.0%和80.6%。此外,宾馆(酒店)、理发店、美容店、商场(超市)和健身房的部分公共用品用具有检出大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌。
      结论 2022—2023年海南省各类公共场所公共用品用具均存在微生物污染,主要不达标指标为细菌总数,建议继续加强对公共场所的卫生监督监测与管理。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To analyze of the microbial contamination status of public articles in public places in Hainan Province from 2022 to 2023, and propose to corresponding improvement measures.
      Methods According to the Public Places Health Inspection Method (GB/T 18204.4-2013, GB/T 18204.6-2013), public articles in six types of public places in Hainan Province were sampled and detected, and the results were evaluated according to the Public Places Health Indicators and Limit Value Requirements (GB 37488-2019).
      Results From 2022 to 2023, a total of 5, 666 samples were collected, with an overall qualified rate of 92.2%. The total qualification rate of 95.7% in 2022 is significantly higher than the total qualification rate of 90.5% in 2023, and there is a statistically significant difference in the total qualification rates between different years (χ2=46.34, P < 0.05). The total qualification rates of different types of venues showed significant differences (χ2=43.26, P < 0.05), among which the waiting room had the highest total qualification rate of 94.4%, while the gym had the lowest total qualification rate of 79.0%. There is a statistically significant difference in the qualified total rates of different categories of public articles (χ2=70.76, P < 0.05), among which the total qualified rate of fitness equipment is the lowest at 79.0%, followed by beauty tools and cash registers, with total qualified rates of 83.0% and 89.6%, respectively. All types of monitored public articles have shown that the total bacteria counts exceed the standard. Among them, in 2022, the qualification rates for total bacterial counts on gym equipment and escalators in waiting rooms were relatively low, which were 78.8% and 81.8% respectively; in 2023, those on beauty salon tools and gym equipments were relatively low, which were 78.0% and 80.6%, respectively. In addition, coliform bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus have been detected on some public articles in hotels, barber shops, beauty salons, shopping malls (supermarkets), and gyms.
      Conclusion From 2022 to 2023, public articles of public places in Hainan Province were found to have microbial contamination, with the main non-compliance indicator being total bacterial count. It is recommended that the supervision and management of sanitation in public places be continued and strengthened.

       

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