2016—2020年兰州市煤尘作业工人职业健康状况及影响因素分析

    Occupational health status and influencing factors of coal dust-exposed workers in Lanzhou, China, 2016—2020

    • 摘要:
      目的 分析2016—2020年兰州市煤尘作业工人职业健康状况及影响因素,为制定兰州市煤尘作业工人职业病防治策略提供参考。
      方法 收集2016—2020年兰州市煤尘作业工人的职业健康检查资料,分析不同年龄、性别、工龄及所在企业信息的煤尘作业工人健康状况,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析煤尘暴露对煤尘作业工人血压、心电图、肺功能和X线胸片异常的影响因素。
      结果 2016—2020年兰州市共有8 967例煤尘作业工人职业健康监测数据纳入分析,血压、心电图、肺功能和X线胸片异常检出率分别为19.2%、11.1%、1.4%和8.6%,其中尘肺样改变检出率为0.29%。不同年龄、工龄、企业规模和接触不同职业病危害因素间高血压和心电图异常率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);不同工龄、行业类型的煤尘作业工人的肺功能异常率和X线胸片异常率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明:与男性相比,女性高血压风险下降OR(95%CI)=0.51 (0.42,0.63),患肺功能异常风险增加OR(95%CI)=2.05(1.33,3.16);与低年龄(≤30岁)、短工龄(≤10 a)和大型企业的煤尘作业工人相比,年龄越大、工龄越长及中小微型企业的作业工人患高血压、心电图异常、X线胸片异常的风险越大;与采矿业相比,制造业和其它行业煤尘作业工人患心电图异常、肺功能异常和X线胸片异常的风险较大。
      结论 2016—2020年兰州市煤尘作业工人健康状况不容乐观,高血压检出率最高,其次为心电图异常和X线胸片异常,年龄越大、工龄越长,中小微型企业、制造业及其他行业是影响煤尘作业工人健康状况的危险因素。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To analyze the occupational health status and influencing factors of coal dust-exposed workers in Lanzhou, China from 2016 to 2020, and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies for occupational diseases in coal dust-exposed workers in Lanzhou.
      Methods The occupational health examination data of coal dust-exposed workers in Lanzhou from 2016 to 2020 were collected and analyzed for the health status of coal dust-exposed workers with different ages, sexes, lengths of service, and enterprise information. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of coal dust exposure on blood pressure, electrocardiogram, pulmonary function, and chest radiograph of coal dust-exposed workers.
      Results From 2016 to 2020, occupational health surveillance data of 8 967 coal dust-exposed workers in Lanzhou was analyzed. The detection rates of abnormalities in blood pressure, electrocardiogram, pulmonary function, and chest radiograph were 19.2%, 11.1%, 1.4%, and 8.6%, respectively. The detection rate of pneumoconiosis-like changes was 0.29%. There were significant differences in the rates of abnormal blood pressure and electrocardiogram among groups of different ages, lengths of service, enterprise sizes, and occupational hazardous factor exposure (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the rates of pulmonary dysfunction and abnormal chest radiograph among coal dust-exposed workers of different lengths of service and industry types (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with men, women had a lower risk of hypertension (odds ratio OR=0.51, 95% confidence interval CI=0.42-0.63) and an increased risk of developing pulmonary dysfunction (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.33-3.16); compared with coal dust-exposed workers with young age (≤30 years old) and short length of service (≤10 a) and those from large-scale enterprises, workers with older age and longer length of service and those from medium, small and microscopic enterprises had a higher risk of developing hypertension, abnormal electrocardiograms, and abnormal chest radiograph; compared with coal dust-exposed workers in the mining industry, workers in manufacturing and other industries had a higher risk of developing abnormal electrocardiograms, pulmonary function, and chest radiograph.
      Conclusion The health status of coal dust-exposed workers in Lanzhou from 2016 to 2020 is not optimistic, with the highest detection rate of hypertension, followed by abnormal electrocardiogram and chest radiograph. The old age, long length of service, medium, small and microscopic enterprise, and manufacturing and other industries are risk factors that affect the health status of coal dust-exposed workers.

       

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