供水系统中典型新污染物污染状况及水处理去除特性综述

    The occurrence of typical emerging contaminants in water supply system and their removal characteristics by water treatment processes: a review

    • 摘要: 新污染物(emerging contaminants)概念于2001年首次被国外学者提出,目前已经成为全球环境和市政领域关注的热点话题。饮用水是新污染物重要的暴露途径之一,因此评估自来水厂处理工艺对新污染物的去除效果具有重要意义。本文综述了供水领域重点关注的新型消毒副产物(disinfection by-products,DBPs)、全氟和多氟烷基类物质(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFAS)、药物及个人护理品(pharmaceutical and personal care products,PPCPs)、内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs)等新污染物的污染情况,发现我国水环境、水源水及自来水水中均存在不同浓度水平的新污染物且部分区域的风险较高。本文统计了水厂预处理工艺(预臭氧和生物曝气滤池),常规处理工艺(混凝、沉淀、砂滤、消毒)和深度处理工艺(臭氧、活性炭、膜过滤)对新污染物的去除效果,探究了各工艺对新污染物的去除机理,结果表明自来水厂常规工艺对各类新污染物的去除能力都十分有限。总的来说,本文可为供水行业落实新污染物治理行动方案,控制饮用水中新污染物风险,保障饮水健康提供参考。

       

      Abstract: The concept of emerging contaminants (ECs) was first proposed by foreign researchers in 2001 and has become a hot topic in the environmental and municipal fields worldwide. Drinking water is an important route of human exposure to ECs. Hence, evaluating the performance of water treatment processes in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) for reducing ECs is of great importance. This paper reviewed the occurrence of typical ECs that are of concern in the water supply field, including new disinfection by-products (DBPs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). We found that ECs were widely present in China's aquatic environment, source water, and tap water at different concentrations and some regions were at high risk of contamination. This paper also summarized the efficiencies and mechanisms of EC removal in the process of pre-treatment (pre-ozonation and bio-aeration filter), conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, and disinfection), and advanced treatment (ozonation, activated carbon, and membrane filtration) in DWTP. The result showed that the conventional treatment processes in DWTP had very limited capacity to remove ECs. In summary, this paper provides a reference for the water industry to implement the action plan for controlling ECs, which helps control the risk of ECs in drinking water and guarantee the safety of drinking water.

       

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