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    北京市丰台区大气PM2.5中多环芳烃污染特征及来源分析

    Pollution characteristics and sources of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Fengtai district, Beijing, China

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 分析北京市丰台区大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter，PM2.5)中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs)的污染特征，并对其污染来源进行初步识别。
      方法 2015—2020年每月定期采集北京市丰台区某社区的大气PM2.5样品，采用高效液相色谱法测定PM2.5样品中16种PAHs的含量，分析比较不同季节、不同监测时段下的PAHs的污染特征；采用特征比值法对大气PM2.5中PAHs的污染来源进行初步识别。
      结果 北京市丰台区某社区大气PM2.5及PM2.5中16种PAHs(ΣPAHs)质量浓度中位数分别为86 μg/m3和10.70 ng/m3；大气PM2.5中PAHs的污染水平呈现明显的季节变化趋势，即冬季＞(秋季和春季)＞夏季；采暖期大气PM2.5中PAHs显著高于非采暖期；单体PAHs中荧蒽占比最高，其次为苯并b荧蒽、苯并g, h, i苝、 和苯并a芘；4环PAHs占比为最高(36.81%)，采暖期4环以上高环数PAHs占比高于非采暖期。5种特征比值(3环+ 4环)/(5环+ 6环)、BaP/BghiP、Flu/(Flu+Pyr)、IP/(IP+BghiP)和BaA/(BaA+Chr)的均值分别为2.11、2.17、0.61、0.43和0.39，提示PAHs污染主要来自本地污染，煤/生物质燃烧源和交通污染为其主要污染来源。
      结论 2015—2020年北京市丰台区大气PM2.5中PAHs的污染水平具有明显的季节变化特征，采暖期大气PM2.5中PAHs浓度水平显著高于非采暖期。煤/生物质燃烧和交通污染是丰台区大气PM2.5中PAHs的主要污染来源。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To analyze the pollution characteristics and primarily identify the sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
      Methods Sixteen PM2.5-bound PAHs were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography in atmospheric PM2.5 samples collected monthly in a community of Fengtai District from January 2015 to December 2020. The pollution characteristics of PM2.5-bound PAHs were analysed for different seasons and monitoring periods. Characteristic ratios were used for preliminary identification of the pollution sources of PM2.5-bound PAHs.
      Results The median values of atmospheric PM2.5 and 16 PM2.5-bound PAHs (ΣPAHs) were 86 μg/m3and 10.70 ng/m3, respectively. Seasonal variations of the concentrations of PM2.5-bound PAHs followed the order of winter>(autumn and spring)>summer. The concentrations of PM2.5-bound PAHs were significantly higher during the heating period than during the non-heating period. Fluoranthene accounted for the highest proportion in PM2.5-bound PAHs, followed by benzobfluoranthene, Benzog, h, iperylene, chrysene, and benzoapyrene. PAHs with four rings had the highest proportion (36.81%). The concentrations of PAHs with four or more rings were higher in the heating period than in the non-heating period. The mean values of five characteristic ratios, i.e., (three-rings+four-rings)/(five-rings+six-rings), BaP/BghiP, Flu/(Flu+Pyr), IP/(IP+BghiP), and BaA/(BaA+Chr), were 2.11, 2.17, 0.61, 0.43, and 0.39, respectively. These characteristic ratios indicated that the pollution of PAHs primarily originated from local sources, and that coal/biomass combustion and traffic emission were the main sources of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Fengtai District.
      Conclusion PM2.5-bound PAHs showed obvious seasonal variations in Fengtai District from 2015 to 2020; the concentrations of PM2.5-bound PAHs were significantly higher in the heating period than in the non-heating period. Coal/biomass combustion and traffic emission were the main sources of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Fengtai District.

       

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