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    2020年太原市迎泽区PM2.5中PAHs污染特征及来源解析

    Pollution characteristics of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and source analysis in Yingze District, Taiyuan, China, 2020

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 了解2020年太原市迎泽区PM2.5的浓度水平, 分析PM2.5中PAHs的污染特征, 初步掌握其污染来源。
      方法 2020年每月选取10—16日采集太原市迎泽区某建筑顶层PM2.5样本。采用滤膜采样前后质量差计算PM2.5质量浓度。采用高效液相色谱法测定PAHs污染水平, 探讨采暖季和非采暖季PAHs的污染特征。采用特征比值法解析污染来源。
      结果 2020年太原市迎泽区PM2.5及PAHs日均质量浓度M分别为70.46和15.04 ng/m3, 差异有统计学意义(z=-4.01, P＜0.05);PAHs的质量浓度M分别为39.96和9.21 ng/m3, 差异有统计学意义(z=-5.60, P＜0.05)。采暖季及非采暖季PAHs单体及环数的构成比趋势基本一致, 荧蒽和苯并b荧蒽最高, 累积占比约30%, 其次是芘和, 累积占比约20%;环数占比均为4环＞5环＞6环＞3环＞2环。其中4环占比约40%, 5环占比约25%。4环/(5环+6环)的特征比值均值为1.03, 提示污染源为本地源。BaP/BghiP、FlT/(FlT+Pyr)、BaA/(BaA+Chr)的特征比值均值分别为0.87、0.61、0.37, 提示污染源为煤/生物质燃烧源; Ind/(Ind+BghiP)的特征比值均值为0.30, 提示污染来源为交通源。
      结论 2020年太原市迎泽区采暖季PM2.5及PAHs污染水平显著高于非采暖季, 煤燃烧及交通源为迎泽区PAHs的主要污染源。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Taiyuan Yingze District, Taiyuan, China in 2020, analyze the pollution characteristics of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and preliminarily determine sources of pollution.
      Methods PM2.5 samples were collected from the top floor of a building in Yingze District, Taiyuan, from the 10th to the 16th day of every month in 2020. The PM2.5 mass concentration was evaluated through calculating the mass difference before and after filter membrane sampling. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the PAHs contamination levels and explore the contamination characteristics of PAHs in the heating and non-heating seasons. The contamination sources were analyzed using the characteristic ratio method.
      Results The median of daily mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PAHs in Yingze District, Taiyuan in 2020 were 70.46 and 15.04 ng/m3, respectively. The median of daily mass concentrations of PM2.5 in the heating and non-heating seasons were 80.45 and 62.99 μg/m3, respectively, exhibiting a significant difference (z=-4.01, P < 0.05). The median values of mass concentrations of PAHs were 39.96 and 9.21 ng/m3, respectively, also exhibiting a significant difference (z=-5.60, P < 0.05). The constituent ratios of PAH monomers and ring numbers indicated a similar trend between the heating and non-heating seasons. Fluoranthene and benzobfluoranthene had the highest ratios, with a cumulative ratio of about 30%, followed by pyrene and chrysene, with a cumulative ratio of about 20%. In both seasons, the ratios of ring numbers were as follows: 4 rings > 5 rings > 6 rings > 3 rings > 2 rings. Specifically, 4 rings accounted for about 40%, and 5 rings accounted for about 25%. The characteristic ratio of 4 rings/(5 rings + 6 rings) was 1.03, suggesting that a local pollution source. The characteristic ratios of BaP/BghiP, FlT/(FlT + Pyr), and BaA/(BaA + Chr) were 0.87, 0.61, and 0.37, respectively, suggesting that coal/biomass combustion was the pollution source. The characteristic ratio of Ind/(Ind + BghiP) was 0.30, suggesting traffic as the pollution source.
      Conclusion The pollution levels of PM2.5 and PAHs in Yingze District, Taiyuan in 2020 were significantly higher in the heating season than in the non-heating season. Coal combustion and traffic were the main sources of PAHs in Yingze District.

       

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