Abstract: The reference dose of environmental chemical pollutants is not only the basis for setting environmental criteria and quality standards, but also the foundation for environmental health risk assessment, risk management of chemicals, and environmental health management. The Technical Guidance for Deriving Reference Dose of Environmental Chemical Pollutants (WS/T 10006-2023) is a document that provides guidance on the process, methods, and technical contents for deriving the reference dose of environmental chemical pollutants with the goal of safeguarding human health. This article aims to interpret and explain the background, principles, main contents, and precautions for the use of this technical guidance.