2020—2022年全国商场超市重要公共设施消毒与微生物污染状况

李峰; 苏丽琴; 韩旭; 刘航; 葛覃兮; 李莉; 杜航; 邵冉起; 罗姣; 奚伟豪; 王先良; 姚孝元

doi:10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2024.08.002

2020—2022年全国商场超市重要公共设施消毒与微生物污染状况

Disinfection and microbial contamination of important public facilities in shopping places in China from 2020 to 2022

摘要

摘要:
目的了解2020—2022年我国商场超市重要公共设施消毒与微生物污染状况。
方法采用分层随机抽样的方法, 于2020—2022年对全国3 491家商场超市9种重要的公共设施消毒状况进行问卷调查, 并对购物车(篮)和收银台表面细菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌水平进行检测, 运用χ²检验比较不同年度、不同地区商场超市重要公共设施消毒与微生物污染状况的差异。
结果 2020—2022年3年间商场超市服务台的消毒率最高, 为93.96%, 电梯按钮的消毒率最低, 为78.34%;公用马桶按钮或把手的消毒频率最高, 临时物品存储柜的消毒频率最低, 消毒频率≥6次/d的分别占25.50%和14.25%。总体上, 2022年商场超市公共设施表面的消毒率高于2020年和2021年; 东部地区商场超市公共设施表面的消毒率和消毒频率均高于中、西部地区。3年间收银台表面细菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌的超标率分别为10.58%、1.51%和0.40%, 均高于购物车(篮)表面(超标率分别为5.25%、1.08%和0.31%)。2020年购物车(篮)表面细菌总数和金黄色葡萄球菌、收银台表面的微生物指标超标率均低于2021年和2022年(P < 0.05)。东部地区购物车(篮)和收银台表面微生物指标超标率均低于中、西部地区(P < 0.05)。
结论 2020—2022年全国商场超市重要公共设施消毒与微生物污染状况存在年份和地区差异, 且微生物污染状况不容乐观, 消毒工作有待进一步加强, 尤其要关注电梯按钮、临时物品存储柜等接触频率较高的公共设施。

Abstract:
Objective To examine the disinfection and microbial contamination of important public facilities in shopping places in China from 2020 to 2022.
Methods By using stratified random sampling, questionnaire surveys were conducted on the disinfection status of nine important public facilities in 3 491 shopping places across China from 2020 to 2022. The number of total bacteria, coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus on the surfaces of shopping carts (baskets) and cash registers were measured. The levels of disinfection and microbial contamination of important public facilities in shopping places were compared among years and regions using the χ² test.
Results From 2020 to 2022, disinfection rate was the highest for cash registers (93.96%) and lowest for elevator buttons (78.34%) in shopping places. Disinfection was performed most frequently on buttons or handles of public toilets and least frequently for storage cabinets. A disinfection frequency of ≥6 times/day accounted for 25.50% and 14.25% of all disinfection frequencies in these two facilities, respectively. In general, the disinfection rate of public facility surfaces in shopping places was higher in 2022 than in 2020 and 2021. Additionally, disinfection rate and disinfection frequency of public facility surfaces in shopping places were higher in the Eastern region than in the Central and Western regions. The exceedance rates of total bacteria, coliforms, and S. aureus on the surfaces of cash registers during the three years were 10.58%, 1.51%, and 0.40%, respectively, which were higher than those on the surfaces of shopping carts (baskets) (exceedance rates of 5.25%, 1.08%, and 0.31%, respectively). Total bacteria and S. aureus counts on shopping cart (basket) surfaces and the microbial exceedance rates of cash register surfaces were significantly lower in 2020 than in 2021 and 2022 (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the microbial exceedance rates of shopping cart (basket) and cash register surfaces were significantly lower in the eastern region than in the central and western regions (all P < 0.05).
Conclusion There are annual and regional differences in the status of disinfection and microbial contamination of important public facilities in shopping places across China between 2020 and 2022. The excessive microbial contamination warrants more stringent disinfection procedures, especially in public facilities with frequent contact points such as elevator buttons and temporary storage cabinets.

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