Abstract:
Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics, sources and access the health risks of metal and metalloid elements in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Heze city, China.
Methods PM2.5 filter samples were collected in Mudan district and Dingtao district of Heze from the 10th to 16th days of each month in 2021. The mass concentrations of 12 types of metals and metalloids including antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), plumbum (Pb), manganese (Mn), etc. in samples were measured. The source apportionment analysis was conducted using the enrichment factor and correlation analyses. Health risks were evaluated by age according to the risk assessment model in Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances(WS/T 777-2021)
Results The mass concentration of PM2.5 in the atmosphere in Heze city was 61.0 μg/m3. Metals and metalloids at the top four concentrations in ambient PM2.5 in the two districts were Al>Mn>Pb>Cr. The seasonal differences of most metals and metalloids were statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the concentrations in winter and spring seasons were higher than those in summer and autumn seasons. The noncarcinogenic risk hazard quotient values of Mn in children was higher than 1. The noncarcinogenic risk hazard quotient values of other metal and metalloid elements in all age populations were less than 1.The incremental lifetime cancer risk values of As and Cr were 3.8×10-6-5.1×10-6 and 2.7×10-6-3.6×10-6, respectively, showing potential carcinogenic risks in populations of all ages.
Conclusion As and Cr in PM2.5 in Heze city have potential carcinogenic risks to human health through respiratory pathway, which be controlled with more attention.
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