孕期空气质量指数与小于胎龄儿风险之间的关联研究

麦麦提敏江·吾拉音; 王怀林; 陈欣; 朱钲宏; 张小鑫; 龙丹; 王琼

doi:10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2024.03.003

孕期空气质量指数与小于胎龄儿风险之间的关联研究

Association between air quality index during pregnancy and small for gestational age

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨母亲孕期空气质量指数与子代小于胎龄儿风险的关联。
方法 2017至2020年在广州市某医院开展前瞻性出生队列研究, 通过调查问卷收集孕妇一般资料。由每日空气污染暴露数据计算每个孕妇孕早、中、晚期和全孕期空气质量指数(air quality index, AQI)。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析母亲孕期空气质量指数(分别按分值和四分位数分组形式纳入模型)与小于胎龄儿之间的关联。
结果研究最终纳入5 352对孕妇及新生儿。在校正了潜在的混杂因素后, 孕中期平均AQI分值与小于胎龄儿呈现负相关。孕早期高水平AQI(Q4 vs. Q1)与小于胎龄儿发生风险增加有关, 比值比(odds ratio, OR)及95%的置信区间(confidence interval, CI)为1.441(1.012, 2.056)。
结论孕早期高水平空气污染暴露可能影响胎儿宫内生长。

Abstract:
Objective To examine the association between air quality index during pregnancy and small for gestational age.
Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted in a hospital in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2020. The general information of pregnant women was collected using a questionnaire. Air quality index (AQI) was calculated using daily air pollution exposure during the first, second, and third trimesters and the whole pregnancy. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between AQI and small for gestational age. The scores and quartiles of AQI were included in the model.
Results A total of 5 352 mother-neonate pairs were enrolled. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the average AQI score in the second trimester was negatively associated with small for gestational age. High AQI during the first trimester (Q4 vs. Q1) was associated with an increased risk of small for gestational age (odds ratio: 1.441, 95% confidence interval: 1.012-2.056).
Conclusion Exposure to high level of air pollution during early pregnancy may affect fetal growth.

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