甘南藏族自治州中小学生超重肥胖现况调查

李盛; 王金玉; 贺诗淇; 李昕蓉; 冯亚莉; 李普

doi:10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2023.12.007

甘南藏族自治州中小学生超重肥胖现况调查

Survey on overweight and obesity status of primary and secondary school students in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China

摘要

摘要:
目的调查2020年甘南藏族自治州中小学生超重现状及影响因素，为区域学生超重肥胖防控工作提供参考。
方法分层整群抽取甘南藏族自治州小学4~6年级、初中和高中学生共3 082名为研究对象进行体格检查和问卷调查。统计学分析采用χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。
结果 3 082学生的超重肥胖检出率为24.4%。超重肥胖检出率，职业高中学生（49.7%）高于小学生（18.9%）、初中生（23.3）和普通高中学生（28.9%），男生（33.2%）高于女生（15.5%），藏族学生（26.2%）高于非藏族学生（23.0%），城区学生（25.2%）高于郊县学生（17.1%）（均P < 0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，每天看电脑时间≥ 2 h（OR：6.586）对职业高中学生是超重肥胖危险因素，摄入含糖饮料≥ 1次/d（OR：4.027）对女生是危险因素，家长不限制看电子屏幕对初中生（OR：1.697）、男生（OR：1.356）、城区学生（OR：1.254）是危险因素；每天睡眠时间≥ 8 h对职业高中学生（OR：0.416）、小学生（OR：0.568）、非藏族学生（OR：0.694）是保护因素，每天运动时间1- < 2 h对初中生（OR：0.621）、男生（OR：0.674）、非藏族学生（OR：0.688）是保护因素，每天运动时间≥ 2 h对男生（OR：0.704）是保护因素（均P < 0.05）。
结论甘南藏族自治州中小学生超重肥胖检出率处于我国中等水平，应从饮食、运动、电子产品使用及睡眠几方面对不同特征学生开展针对性干预。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of overweight among primary and secondary school students in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in 2020, China, and provide a reference for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity among regional students.
Methods A total of 3 082 students were selected by stratified cluster sampling from primary schools (grades 4 to 6), middle schools, and high schools for physical examination and a questionnaire survey. The Chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression were performed for statistical analysis.
Results The rate of overweight and obesity among 3082 students was 24.4%. The rate of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in vocational high school students (49.7%) than that in primary school students (18.9%), junior high school students (23.3%), and ordinary high school students (28.9%); significantly higher in males (33.2%) than in females (15.5%); significantly higher in Tibetan students (26.2%) than in non-Tibetan students (23.0%); and significantly higher in urban students (25.2%) than in suburban students (17.1%; all P < 0.05).The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that time spent on computers ≥ 2 hours per day (odds ratio OR=6.586) was a risk factor for overweight and obesity in vocational high school students; intake of sugary drinks ≥ 1 time per day (OR=4.027) was a risk factor for girls; parents' unrestricted viewing of electronic screens was a risk factor for junior high school students (OR=1.697), boys (OR=1.356), and urban students (OR=1.254); sleeping time ≥ 8 hours per day was a protective factor for vocational high school students (OR=0.416), primary school students (OR=0.568), and non-Tibetan students (OR=0.694); exercise time for 1-2 hours per day was a protective factor for junior high school students (OR=0.621), boys (OR=0.674), and non-Tibetan students (OR: 0.688); and exercise time ≥ 2 hours per day was a protective factor for boys (OR=0.704; all P < 0.05).
Conclusion The rate of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is at a medium level in China. Targeted interventions considering diet, exercise, electronic screen use, and sleeping time should be implemented based on the characteristics of students.

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