Abstract: Siloxanes, as a group of emerging contaminants that have attracted worldwide attention, have been widely used in the fields such as silicone rubber products, electronic products, healthcare products, personal care products, food additives, cookwares, medical equipments. Siloxanes and their derivatives pose potential risks to ecological environment and human health due to their characteristics of high persistence, bioaccumulation, and biotoxicity. China is the largest producer of siloxanes in the world. It is necessary to establish efficient and accurate analytical method to assess the occurrence characteristics of siloxanes in different media and their health risks to people, so as to provide key technical support for the management of emerging contaminants in China. This article summarizes the pretreatment method for siloxanes and their derivatives in different matrices, and reviews the latest research findings of instrumental analysis method from the perspectives of targeted analysis and non-targeted screening in China and globally, in order to provide important references for the detection and health risk assessment of siloxanes and their derivatives in different types of substrates such as environmental matrices and human biological samples.