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    郭日, 张盈盈, 臧加伟, 郑泽华, 杜艳君, 班婕, 王情. 中国十省市土壤重金属镉生态风险和健康风险评估[J]. 环境卫生学杂志, 2023, 13(9): 680-685, 695. DOI: 10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2023.09.007
    引用本文: 郭日, 张盈盈, 臧加伟, 郑泽华, 杜艳君, 班婕, 王情. 中国十省市土壤重金属镉生态风险和健康风险评估[J]. 环境卫生学杂志, 2023, 13(9): 680-685, 695. DOI: 10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2023.09.007
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    GUO Ri, ZHANG Ying-ying, ZANG Jia-wei, ZHENG Ze-hua, DU Yan-jun, BAN Jie, WANG Qing. Ecological and health risk assessment of cadmium in soil of ten provinces and cities, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2023, 13(9): 680-685, 695. DOI: 10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2023.09.007
    Citation: GUO Ri, ZHANG Ying-ying, ZANG Jia-wei, ZHENG Ze-hua, DU Yan-jun, BAN Jie, WANG Qing. Ecological and health risk assessment of cadmium in soil of ten provinces and cities, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2023, 13(9): 680-685, 695. DOI: 10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2023.09.007
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    中国十省市土壤重金属镉生态风险和健康风险评估

    Ecological and health risk assessment of cadmium in soil of ten provinces and cities, China

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 了解我国十省市土壤中重金属镉的污染情况, 评估其生态风险和健康风险, 为相关部门制定污染防治政策与健康风险防控措施提供科学依据。
      方法 收集2013—2020年全国十省市1 200个点位共1 730份土壤重金属镉含量监测数据, 基于单因素污染指数法、美国环境保护局(United States Environmental Protection Agency, US EPA)健康风险评估模型开展生态风险和健康风险评估。
      结果 1 730份土壤数据中镉的浓度平均值为0.29 mg/kg, 超标点位率为29.6%(355/1 200);镉平均浓度最高年份为2016年(0.42 mg/kg), 最低年份为2018年(0.21 mg/kg)。单因素污染指数法显示分别有269、72和37份土壤数据提示有轻度、中度、重度的镉污染现象。健康风险评估结果显示, 镉对儿童产生的致癌风险范围在1.63×10-9~2.09×10-5之间, 成人在8.58×10-10~1.10×10-5之间, 两者均值均低于US EPA提出的最大可接受致癌风险10-6, 但有500份土壤数据中镉对儿童的致癌风险介于10-6~10-4, 148份土壤数据中镉对成人的致癌风险介于10-6~10-4。在空间分布上, 土壤中镉浓度及生态风险和健康风险总体呈现出南高北低的空间分布格局, 其中浙江、江西、山东、湖南、四川省的土壤镉对儿童群体的致癌风险均值高于10-6。非致癌健康风险评估结果中各途径风险值均小于阈值1。
      结论 我国十省市监测点位土壤中重金属镉非致癌风险总体较低, 预期不会造成明显非致癌危险; 局部地区污染较重, 已对人体产生了可能的致癌健康风险, 需要引起重视并采取防治措施。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the status of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil of ten provinces and cities and its ecological and health risks in China, so as to provide a scientific basis for related departments to formulate measures for the prevention and control of pollution and health risks.
      Methods The surveillance data of soil heavy metal Cd content were obtained from 1 730 samples at 1 200 sites in the ten provinces and cities across China from 2013 to 2020, and ecological and health risks were assessed based on single-factor pollution index and the health risk assessment model of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) respectively.
      Results The mean concentration of Cd was 0.29 mg/kg in all 1730 soil samples, and the rate of sites with Cd content unqualified was 29.6%(355/1 200); the highest concentration of Cd was observed in 2016 (0.42 mg/kg) and the lowest concentration was observed in 2018 (0.21 mg/kg). The single-factor pollution index analyse showed slight Cd contamination in 269 soil samples, moderate Cd contamination in 72 samples, and heavy Cd contamination in 37 samples. Health risk assessment result showed that the carcinogenic risk of Cd ranged from 1.63×10-9 to 2.09×10-5 for children and ranged from 8.58×10-10 to 1.10×10-5 for adults, both of which were lower than the maximum acceptable value of 10-6 proposed by US EPA. However, Cd in 500 soil samples showed a carcinogenic risk ranged from 10-6 to 10-4 for children, and Cd in 148 soil samples showed a carcinogenic risk ranged from 10-6 to 10-4 for adults. As for spatial distribution, Cd concentration, ecological risk, and health risk in southern China were higher than those in northern China, and the carcinogenic risk of soil Cd was more than 10-6 for children in some western, central, and western provinces. The hazard quotient (HQ) values were all below the threshold of 1.
      Conclusion There is a relatively low non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metal Cd in soil samples of the ten provinces and cities in China, which is not expected to cause obvious non-carcinogenic risk, but heavy Cd pollution is observed in some areas, which may have caused carcinogenic health risk to the local population. Therefore, Cd pollution should be taken seriously and prevention and control measures should be adopted.

       

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