Abstract: To summarize the impact of climate change on the incidence of the top ten cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in the world, and provide reference for follow-up research and identification of cancer risk factors related with environment. According to The latest method ological guidelines on scoping review. Peters, five databases including PubMed and Web of Science were searched for article identification and data extraction, and studies related to climate change and cancer incidence were selected from inception to October 7, 2021. A total of 39 studies were selected, including 19 original studies such as cohort studies (50%) and 120 guidelines and systematic reviews (50%). These studies were conducted in Asia, Europe, and North America. The environmental factors affected by climate change mainly fell into four categories: toxic substances, temperature, food, and chemical exposure. Environmental factors were comprehensively influenced by climate change characterization, such as temperature changes, sea level rise, and extreme weather. The most common cancers were mainly liver cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and gastric cancer, etc. Global climate change may further increase cancer incidence. At present, the research on toxic substances is relatively in-depth, especially the research on the impact of climate change on aflatoxins. Meanwhile, how to reduce the direct harm of extreme temperature events to human health deserves attention.