Objective To investigate the water quality and hygiene status of single-village water supply project in the rural areas of a city, and to provide a reference for ensuring the safety of drinking water for rural residents.

Methods The monitoring sites of water quality were established at a single-village water supply project in a city, and the influencing factors of water quality were analyzed.Screening for the indices exceeding the drinking water standard was performed, and a principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the indices exceeding the drinking water standard.

Results In 2020 and 2021, the qualification rates of water quality at the single-village water supply projects were 28.57% and 36.22%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that years (OR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.05, 5.31), water season (OR=3.43, 95%CI: 1.51, 7.82), water supply capacity (OR₁=2.69, 95%CI: 1.27, 5.70;OR₂=3.58, 95%CI: 1.54, 8.34) were important factors affecting water quality. The principal component analysis indicated that microbial indicators and sensory indicators were the main indices exceeding the drinking water standard.

Conclusion Microbial contamination was the main factor affecting the qualification rates of water quality at a single-village water supply project. Therefore, water disinfection should be strengthened and water preparation operation should be standardized to reduce or control the risk of water-borne infectious diseases.