Abstract:
Objective To investigate the pollution status and health risk of chemical pollutants in indoor air of key public places in Qingdao, China, and to provide scientific basis and technical support for the health management of public places and the health of employees in public places in Qingdao.
Methods The exposure levels of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and ammonia were analyzed in indoor air of key public places in Qingdao in 2017-2020. Examinations were performed in accordance with the Examination Method for Public Places-Part 2: Chemical Pollutants. The classic "four-step" health risk assessment model recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was used to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of chemical pollutants through inhalation.
Results The median concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and ammonia in indoor air of hotels, beauty shops, and barbershops were lower than the health limits stipulated by the national standard. Among these chemical pollutants, the median concentration of formaldehyde had a carcinogenic risk ranging from 1.0×10-6 to 1.0×10-4, and the maximum concentration had a carcinogenic risk greater than 1.0×10-4. The median and above concentrations of chemical pollutants had a chronic non-carcinogenic risk value greater than 1.
Conclusion There are chronic non-carcinogenic risks and high carcinogenic risks of formaldehyde exposure in indoor air among the employees working in hotels, barbershops, and beauty shops, which should be taken seriously. Benzene exposure has a certain carcinogenic risk and should also be taken seriously.
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