2018—2021年江苏省宾馆(酒店)工作环境卫生状况对从业人员健康影响分析

马小莹; 汪庆庆; 徐斌; 周连; 丁震

doi:10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2023.02.004

2018—2021年江苏省宾馆(酒店)工作环境卫生状况对从业人员健康影响分析

Influence of the hygienic condition of working environment on the health of employees in hotels in Jiangsu Province, China, 2018-2021

摘要

摘要:
目的了解江苏省不同等级宾馆(酒店)工作环境卫生状况对从业人员健康影响。
方法 2018—2021年在江苏省范围内抽取288家宾馆(酒店), 共收集从业人员调查有效问卷2 260份。以问卷形式调查从业人员基本情况、工作环境卫生状况和个人健康状况等信息, 检测室内空气中PM₁₀、PM_2.5污染物浓度, 检测室内空气中PM₁₀、PM_2.5污染物浓度, 并对从业人员进行问卷调查。调查内容包括从业人员基本情况、工作环境卫生和个人健康状况, 共收集有效问卷2 260份。采用Logistic回归模型分析宾馆(酒店)从业人员健康状况影响因素。
结果男性、工龄＞15 a、大专以上学历、三星级及以上宾馆(酒店)的从业人员自报眼部、呼吸系统、皮肤阳性症状发生率高于其他组。性别、文化程度、宾馆(酒店)类别、工作环境中的"环境潮湿""通风效果差""有霉味"等对眼部症状阳性率(χ²为23.15~329.36, P＜0.05)、呼吸系统症状阳性率(χ²为11.58~279.81, P＜0.05)、皮肤症状阳性率(χ²为12.33~259.71, P＜0.05)的影响均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析提示, 工作场所"环境潮湿""通风效果差""有霉味"及大专以上学历是宾馆(酒店)场所从业人员眼部症状发生率OR(95%CI)值分别为3.07(2.29~4.12)、1.67(1.31 ~ 2.13)、3.34(2.40~4.66)、2.19(1.68~2.86)、呼吸系统症状发生率OR(95%CI)值分别为2.57(1.92~3.46)、1.89(1.48~2.41)、2.66(1.91~3.7)、1.51(1.15~1.98)、皮肤症状发生率OR(95%CI)值分别为2.30(1.67 ~ 3.17)、1.52(1.15~1.99)、3.06(2.18~4.29)、1.43(1.07~1.92)的危险因素。
结论工作场所"环境潮湿""通风效果差""有霉味"等是引起宾馆(酒店)从业人员出现眼部、呼吸系统、皮肤阳性症状的危险因素。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the influence of the hygienic conditions of working environment on the health of employees in hotels at various levels in Jiangsu Province, China.
Methods The samples of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in indoor air were collected and measured and a questionnaire survey on the employees were performmed in 288 hotels selected in Jiangsu Province, 2018-2021.The survey involved the general information of the employees, the hygienic conditions of working environment, and personal health status. A total of 2 260 valid questionnaires were collected. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for the health status of employees in hotels.
Results The employees who were male, had a length of service more than 15 years and an, education level of college degree or above, and worked in three-star hotels or above had significantly higher self-reported positive symptoms of ocular, respiratory, and skin symptoms than those in other groups. Gender, education level, type of hotel, and "damp environment" "poor ventilation" and "smell of mildew" in working environment had a significant influence on the positive rates of ocular symptoms (χ² ranged from 23.15 to 329.36, P < 0.05), respiratory symptoms (χ² ranged from 11.58 to 279.81, P < 0.05), and skin symptoms (χ² ranged from 12.33 to 259.71, P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that "damp environment" "poor ventilation" and "smell of mildew" in working environment and college degree or above were risk factors for the incidence of ocular symptoms (odds ratioOR=3.07, 95% confidence intervalCI: 2.29-4.12; OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.31-2.13; OR=3.34, 95% CI: 2.40-4.66;OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.68-2.86, respectively), respiratory symptoms (OR=2.57, 95% CI: 1.92-3.46; OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.48-2.41; OR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.91-3.70;OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.15-1.98, respectively), and skin symptoms (OR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.67-3.17; OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.15-1.99; OR=3.06, 95% CI: 2.18-4.29;OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.07-1.92, respectively) among the hotel employees.
Conclusion "Damp environment" "poor ventilation""smell of mildew" in working environment, etc., are risk factors for positive symptoms of ocular, respiratory system, and skin of hotel employees.

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