Abstract: Pollen allergy is a health problem which is easily affected by external environmental factors. This article systematically reviews the health hazards and impacts of pollen allergy, analyzes the environmental factors for pollen allergy (including meteorological factors, green space, and air pollution during urbanization) and other factors including changes in living habits, and summarizes the common protective measures for pollen allergy. It is proposed that pollen concentration should be included as an indicator for environmental monitoring and that remote sensing techniques should be used for the dynamic monitoring of pollen spread.