2017—2020年湖北省农村环境卫生与居民腹泻调查分析

王婧; 崔秀青; 范传刚; 谢曙光; 何祖安

doi:10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2022.04.008

2017—2020年湖北省农村环境卫生与居民腹泻调查分析

Investigation of environmental hygiene and diarrhea among rural residents in Hubei Province, China, 2017-2020

摘要

摘要:
目的通过对湖北省2017—2020年农村环境卫生监测结果进行分析，探讨了农村家庭腹泻与家庭环境卫生、卫生行为习惯等之间的影响关系，为改善湖北省农村环境卫生和降低农村居民腹泻发病率提供依据。
方法在湖北省20个县采取分层随机抽样方法，收集8 000户农村家庭腹泻及环境卫生状况，采用Logistic回归分析农村家庭腹泻发生的主要影响因素。
结果 2017—2020年期间8 000户家庭环境卫生条件有所改善，良好的卫生习惯呈现逐年递增趋势。调查户近两周腹泻发生率2.82%，发病率逐年下降(χ² = 42.20，P＜0.001)；影响农村居民腹泻发生的主要因素有使用农膜、使用农药以及家庭厨房有老鼠痕迹，其OR值(95%CI)分别为：1.44(1.08 ~ 1.92)、1.66(1.12 ~ 2.29)、2.03(1.48 ~ 2.79)。
结论近年来湖北省农村居民卫生行为习惯以及人居环境明显改善，但仍有较大的提升空间，鼓励农村居民减少使用农膜、农药，进一步提高农村居民对环境和自我保护的认知和建立安全使用的良好卫生习惯。

Abstract:
To investigate the relationship between diarrhea in rural families and households' environmental hygiene and hygiene behaviors through a survey of rural environmental hygiene in Hubei province, China from 2017 to 2020, and to provide a scientific reference for improving rural environmental hygiene and reducing rural residents' incidence of diarrhea in Hubei province.
Methods A total of 8 000 rural households were selected by stratified random sampling from 20 counties of Hubei province to investigate the incidence of diarrhea and the status of household hygiene. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the main factors affecting the incidence of diarrhea.
Results The environmental hygiene conditions were improved, good health habits increased year by year, as well as the incidence of diarrhea in the past two weeks among the surveyed households from 2017 to 2020 was 2.82%. The annual incidence decreased year by year (χ² = 42.20, P < 0.001). The main risk factors for diarrhea included the use of agricultural films (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.08-1.92), pesticides (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.12-2.29) and the signs of rats in the kitchen (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.48-2.79).
Conclusion Residents' hygiene behaviors and households' environmental hygiene in rural areas of Hubei province have significant improvement in recent years, but there is still much room for promotion. We recommend rural residents to reduce the use of agricultural films and pesticides, improve the awareness of environmental and personal hygiene, and promote good hygiene habits.

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