2014—2018年重庆市移民安置区生活饮用水水质分析

江兵; 毛德强; 王丽

doi:10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2022.03.009

摘要:

目的调查和分析2014—2018年重庆市移民安置区生活饮用水的水质状况，发现潜在的安全隐患，保障该地区人群的饮水安全。

方法 2014—2018年在重庆市6区县移民安置区采集15个集中式供水单位的出厂水、末梢水水样。每年于丰水期(8—9月)和枯水期(2—3月)各采集一次。按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)进行水质检验。依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)对监测结果进行评价。

结果 2014—2018年重庆市6区县移民安置区共采集生活饮用水水样205件，达标134件，总体达标率为65.37%。出厂水和末梢水5年平均达标率分别为66.67%和63.92%。丰水期、枯水期达标率分别为59.80%(61/102)和70.87%(73/103)，差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.77，P>0.05)。集中式供水单位、小型集中式供水达标率分别为67.91%(91/134)和60.56%(43/71)，差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.11，P>0.05)。不达标指标主要为氯酸盐、总大肠菌群、亚氯酸盐、菌落总数、三氯甲烷、耐热大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌，达标率分别为60.00%、80.49%、81.25%、90.24%、92.41%、92.63%。

结论 2014—2018年重庆市6县区移民安置区生活饮用水的主要安全隐患是微生物指标超标可能带来的介水传染病的暴发风险以及饮水消毒带来的消毒副产物问题。今后需加强饮水消毒，重点关注微生物指标、消毒剂指标、消毒副产物以及浑浊度、耗氧量、汞等指标，必要时适当提高这些指标的监测频率，防止介水传染病暴发流行。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate and analyze the quality of drinking water in resettlement areas in Chongqing from 2014 to 2018, find potential safety hazards, and ensure the drinking water safety of the local population.

Methods From 2014 to 2018, water samples of finished water and tap water were collected twice a year in the wet season (August-September) and dry season (February-March) in15 centralized water supplies at 6 districts and counties in Chongqing. The water samples were tested and evaluated according to the Standard Examination Method for Drinking Water(GB/T 5750-2006) and the Standard for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006).

Results From 2014 to 2018, 205 water samples were collected from resettlement areas of 6 districts and counties in Chongqing, with 134 samples qualified, and the overall qualified rate was 65.37%. The qualified rates of finished water and tap water in 5 years were 66.67% and 63.92%, respectively. The qualified rates of water samples in wet season and dry season were 59.80%(61/102)and 70.87%(73/103), respectively. There was no significant difference in the qualified rate of water samples at different sampling time(χ²=2.77, P>0.05).The qualified rates of water samples from centralized water supply units and small centralized water supply units were 67.91%(91/134)和60.56%(43/71), respectively. There was no significant difference in the qualified rate of water samples at different sampling time(χ²=1.11, P>0.05). Unqualified indicators mainly include chlorate, total coliform, chlorite, total bacterial count, chloroform, Thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli and the quaulified rates were 60.00%, 80.49%, 81.25%, 90.24%, 92.41% and 92.63%, respectively.

Conclusion The potential water quality safety hazards were water-borne diseases and disinfection by-products caused by drinking water disinfection in resettlement areas of six counties and districts in Chongqing.In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the disinfection of drinking water, focus on the indicators of microbiol indices, disinfectant indices, disinfection by-products and turbidity, oxygen consumption and mercury, and appropriately increase the monitoring frequency of these indices in order to prevent the outbreak of water-borne diseases.

2014—2018年重庆市移民安置区生活饮用水水质分析

Drinking water quality at resettlement areas in Chongqing, 2014—2018