Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and incidence trend of pneumoconiosis in Haidian District of Beijing, China, from 2011 to 2020, and to provide corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.

Methods The data reported via the occupational disease network in Haidian District from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed and a database was established. Chi-square test and an analysis of variance were used to perform a retrospective analysis of the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Haidian District of Beijing.

Results A total of 142 new cases of pneumoconiosis (10 types) were reported in 2011—2020, among which there were 126 cases of stage I pneumoconiosis (88.73%), 12 cases of stage II pneumoconiosis (8.45%), and 4 cases of stage III pneumoconiosis (2.82%). The highest number of new cases of pneumoconiosis was observed in 2012, accounting for 33.10%, then followed by a tendency to decrease. The top three types of pneumoconiosis were pottery workers' pneumoconiosis (51.41%), silicosis (18.31%), and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (11.27%). The age of onset of new pneumoconiosis cases was mainly (55-75) years (59.86%), and the length of service with dust exposure was mainly ≥20 years (50.00%). The mean age of onset of pneumoconiosis was (64.69±11.44) years, and the mean length of service with dust exposure was (20.08±9.42) years, which varied significantly across different types of pneumoconiosis (P < 0.05). The mean age of onset of stage III pneumoconiosis was (50.78±16.97) years, which was significantly lower than that of stage I/II pneumoconiosis (P < 0.05). As for industrial distribution, pneumoconiosis was mainly observed in manufacturing industry (64.79%), the highest number of pneumoconiosis cases was observed in state-owned economy (80.99%) and medium-sized enterprises (64.79%).

Conclusion Pottery workers' pneumoconiosis is the main type of pneumoconiosis in Haidian District of Beijing, mainly in several large- and medium-sized ceramic enterprises. Prevention and control measures should be strengthened for key enterprises, and physical examination should be performed for workers with dust exposure after retirement.