Objective To investigate the distribution of health resources in 14 prefectures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2014-2018, the fairness of population and regional space, and the main problems in the current allocation of health resources, and to provide a basis for the rational allocation of health resources in Xinjiang in the next step.

Methods According to the data in the Health Statistical Yearbook of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2014-2018, a descriptive statistical analysis was performed for the allocation of health resources in 2014-2018, and Geordie coefficient was used to evaluate the fairness of the allocation of health resources.

Results In 2014-2018, the Geordie coefficient of health resource allocation per thousand population in Xinjiang ranged from 0.09 to 0.34, and the Geordie coefficient of health resource allocation per square kilometer in Xinjiang ranged from 0.44 to 0.56.A decreasing trend in Geordie coefficient was observed for each type of health resources. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated mutual influence on the allocation space of health resources in Xinjiang, and the local spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that the "hot-spot areas" for health resource allocation were mainly distributed in Urumqi and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture and the "cold-spot areas" were mainly distributed in Kashgar, Hotan, and Aksu regions.

Conclusion Unfair distribution of health resources is observed in Xinjiang, and special policy support should be given to all regions according to population and regional characteristics.