Abstract: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that seriously affects the lives of children and adults. The main manifestations of the disease are social and communication disorders, narrow interests, and repetitive behaviors. In recent years, increasing incidence of autism has aroused attention of society. It is believed that the pathogenesis of autism is related to environmental factors, heredity, and epigenetics. Environmental factors, such as traffic pollution, can cause autism through neurotoxic effects, affecting individual heredity or epigenetics. Therefore, the relationship between traffic pollution and autism has gradually become a hot research direction. This article reviews the relationship between traffic pollution and autism and its possible mechanisms, especially the neurological damage, genetic and epigenetic changes related to autism caused by traffic pollution, in order to provide help for the study of the etiology and mechanism of autism as well as provide theoretical support for prevention and treatment of autism.