2016年兰州市噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析

李盛; 王宇红; 王金玉; 王瑜; 韩晓琴; 高金霞; 赵红; 李守禹; 何明晅; 毛波

doi:10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2018.01.006

2016年兰州市噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析

Analysis on Occupational Health Physical Examination Results among Noise-exposed Workers in Lanzhou in 2016

摘要

摘要:
目的了解2016年兰州市噪声作业工人的健康状况，为噪声作业人员的职业病防治和职业卫生管理工作提供科学依据。
方法收集2016年兰州市职业健康检查机构上报的噪声作业工人《职业健康检查个案卡》，从血压、心电图和双耳高频平均听阈异常情况对在岗期间噪声作业工人职业健康检查资料做描述性统计分析。
结果 2016年兰州市共有6 044名接噪人员进行职业健康检查，平均年龄41.93±8.91岁，工龄中位数M为5年。检出疑似噪声聋15例（0.25%），职业禁忌证25例（0.41%），复查406例（6.72%）。血压、心电图和双耳高频平均听阈异常总检出率分别为19.76%、20.02%和13.62%，男性高血压、心电图异常和双耳高频平均听阈检出率高于女性（χ²=25.60，χ²=8.08，χ²=25.60，P < 0.05），不同年龄之间高血压、心电图异常和双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=179.25，χ²=56.82，χ²=19.43，P < 0.05）。不同接噪工龄之间高血压、心电图异常和双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=130.54，χ²=77.19，χ²=31.94，P < 0.05）。不同行业之间高血压、心电图异常和双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=123.24，χ²=456.70，χ²=109.85，P < 0.05）。而不同企业规模、单纯接触噪声及其他因素联合接触噪声人员的高血压、心电图异常和双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率无差异。
结论长期接触噪声会导致作业人员血压升高、心电图异常和听力损失，应关注重点企业和重点人群，有针对性开展宣传教育，提高对噪声危害的认识程度，实施职工听力保护工程。

Abstract:
Objectives To understand the health status of noise-exposed workers in Lanzhou in 2016, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of occupational injury among workers and for occupational health management in enterprises.
Methods The health card of workers reported in 2016 were collected from occupational health inspection organization.A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on abnormal blood pressure, abnormal electrocardiogram and binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold abnormality in noise-exposed workers.
Results There were 6 044 noise-exposed workers participating in an occupational health examination in 2016 in Lanzhou.The average age was 41.93 ±8.91, and the median of the length of service was 5 years.The result showed that there were 15 cases of suspected noise induced deafness (0.25%), 25 cases of occupational contraindications (0.41%), and 406 cases needed rechecking (6.72%).The detection rate of abnormal blood pressure, abnormal electrocardiogram and binaural frequency average hearing threshold abnormality were 19.76%, 20.02% and 13.62%, respectively. The detection rates were higher in male than that in female (χ²=25.60, χ²=8.08, χ²=25.60, P < 0.05). The detection rates were statistically different in different ages (χ²=179.25, χ²=56.82, χ²=19.43, P < 0.05), statistically different in noise-exposed workers with different lengths of service time (χ²=130.54, χ²=77.19, χ²=31.94, P < 0.05), and different indifferent sectors(χ²=123.24, χ²=456.70, χ²=109.85, P < 0.05).There were no significant differences on the detection rate of hypertension, abnormal electrocardiogram and binaural frequency average hearing threshold abnormality in workers in different enterprise scale, simply contacting with noise and other factors combined with noise exposure.
Conclusions Long term exposure to noisy environment could induce high blood pressure, abnormal ECG and hearing loss in workers.More attention should be paid to key enterprises and key groups by carrying out publicity and education, raising the awareness on noise hazards, and implementing hearing protection projects for staffs.

HTML全文

参考文献(11)

施引文献

资源附件(0)