大气污染对呼吸系统疾病门诊量影响的病例交叉研究

路凤; 刘娅; 李小娟; 董少霞

doi:10.13421/j.cnki.hjwsxzz.2017.05.014

大气污染对呼吸系统疾病门诊量影响的病例交叉研究

A Case-crossover Study on Air Pollution and Outpatient Visits for Respiratory Diseases

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨短期暴露于大气污染物对呼吸系统疾病门诊量的影响。
方法收集北京市2014年1月1日-2015年12月31日逐日大气污染物浓度、气象监测资料以及某三级综合性医院的呼吸系统疾病门诊资料，应用时间分层的病例交叉设计研究方法进行数据分析。
结果控制了气象因素的影响后，大气污染对呼吸系统疾病当天门诊量的影响最为明显。PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂、SO₂当日浓度每上升10 μg/m³，人群呼吸系统疾病门诊量的OR值分别为1.006 6（95%CI：1.005 8~1.007 5）、1.004 8（95%CI：1.004 1~1.005 6）、1.025 9（95%CI：1.023 7~1.028 0）与1.022 9（95%CI：1.019 8~1.025 9）。
结论区域内大气污染物浓度的短期升高可能导致医院呼吸系统疾病门诊量的增加。

Abstract:
Objective To explore the impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants on outpatient visits for respiratory diseases.
Methods Daily concentration of air pollutants, meteorological data and the count of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases from a general hospital in Beijing during the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2015 were collected. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to evaluate the associations between air pollution and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases.
Results After adjusting for meteorological variables, effect of the concentration of air pollutants on outpatient visits for respiratory diseases was the strongest on the same day. A 10 μg/m³ increase of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂ and SO₂ was associated with an increase of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases on an odd ratios values of 1.0066 (95%CI:1.005 8~1.007 5), 1.004 8(95%CI:1.004 1~1.005 6), 1.025 9(95%CI:1.023 7~1.028 0) and 1.022 9(95%CI:1.019 8~1.025 9) respectively.
Conclusion Short-term elevation of ambient air pollutants might induce an increase of daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases.

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