Abstract: Traffic-related air pollutants have been the main source of urban air pollution.Current studies found that exposure to traffic-related pollution (TRP)might be associated with many adverse health effects.Engine exhausts from diesel have been upgraded in 2013 to the first group of carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which indicated that it was definitely carcinogenic to human.Current methods for assessing the exposure of TRP in epidemiologic studies might have some limitations, especially lack of characteristic biomarkers for assessing external/internal exposure, which might rendered for the uncertainty and inconsistency in the observation of traffic-related health effects. The findings on TRP biomarkers and assessment methods in current studies were reviewed here in this paper for providing some new ideas in future studies.