Abstract: Gut microbiota, the largest and most complex micro ecosystem, is closely related to the immunity, nutrition, metabolism and many other physiological functions in the body. The translocation distribution of gut microbiota in the body is different according to the geographical environment and ethnic habits. Relevant researches on the relationship of geographical environment and ethnic dietary habits with the diversity and ecological characteristics of gut microbiota were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide scientific basis for the intervention of chronic diseases by exploring the influence factors for intestinal flora micro-ecology.