Abstract: Airborne disease is transmitted through pathogenic microbe aerosol to spread and infect people, which was prone to occur in crowded public places. Because of the complex of pollution source, unclear of spreading mechanisms, unknown of its dose-response relationship, make the prevention and control of airborne diseases and health risk assessment become more difficult. The data base and dose-response relationship model for the risk assessment of pathogenic microorganism aerosol on human health were reviewed. The research on the quantitative risk assessment of legionella pneumophila aerosol, mycobacteria aerosol and influenza virus aerosol were discussed.